The article discusses the stunting syndrome, a major public health issue in developing countries, affecting an estimated 165 million children under five years old. Stunting is characterized by linear growth failure, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, reduced physical and cognitive development, and an elevated risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood. The condition is cyclical, as women who were stunted themselves tend to have stunted offspring, creating an intergenerational cycle of poverty and reduced human capital. The review covers the mechanisms underlying linear growth failure at different ages, the short-, medium-, and long-term consequences of stunting, and the evidence for windows of opportunity during the life cycle to target interventions. Key determinants of healthy growth include maternal nutritional status, feeding practices, hygiene, and access to healthcare. The article highlights the importance of early interventions, particularly during the first 1000 days of life, and discusses the potential impact of various interventions, such as improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding promotion, complementary feeding, and environmental improvements like water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). The consequences of stunting are far-reaching, affecting not only individual health but also societal development and economic productivity. The article concludes with policy and program implications, emphasizing the need for multi-sectoral approaches and long-term developmental goals to address the complex causes of stunting.The article discusses the stunting syndrome, a major public health issue in developing countries, affecting an estimated 165 million children under five years old. Stunting is characterized by linear growth failure, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, reduced physical and cognitive development, and an elevated risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood. The condition is cyclical, as women who were stunted themselves tend to have stunted offspring, creating an intergenerational cycle of poverty and reduced human capital. The review covers the mechanisms underlying linear growth failure at different ages, the short-, medium-, and long-term consequences of stunting, and the evidence for windows of opportunity during the life cycle to target interventions. Key determinants of healthy growth include maternal nutritional status, feeding practices, hygiene, and access to healthcare. The article highlights the importance of early interventions, particularly during the first 1000 days of life, and discusses the potential impact of various interventions, such as improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding promotion, complementary feeding, and environmental improvements like water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). The consequences of stunting are far-reaching, affecting not only individual health but also societal development and economic productivity. The article concludes with policy and program implications, emphasizing the need for multi-sectoral approaches and long-term developmental goals to address the complex causes of stunting.