The article reviews ten pathways for the utilization of carbon dioxide (CO₂), aiming to reduce emissions or remove CO₂ from the atmosphere. These pathways include chemical products, fuels, microalgae, concrete, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), enhanced weathering, forestry techniques, land management, and biochar. The review assesses the potential scale and cost of each pathway, noting that while some pathways can both utilize and remove CO₂, others primarily reduce emissions. Barriers to implementation, such as resource constraints and technological limitations, are also discussed. The authors emphasize the importance of considering the net climate impact of CO₂ utilization, as some pathways may not provide net climate benefits. They suggest that policies should incentivize genuine emission reductions and removals rather than supporting utilization per se. Future priorities include reducing costs, improving technology readiness levels, and conducting field trials to understand system-wide impacts.The article reviews ten pathways for the utilization of carbon dioxide (CO₂), aiming to reduce emissions or remove CO₂ from the atmosphere. These pathways include chemical products, fuels, microalgae, concrete, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), enhanced weathering, forestry techniques, land management, and biochar. The review assesses the potential scale and cost of each pathway, noting that while some pathways can both utilize and remove CO₂, others primarily reduce emissions. Barriers to implementation, such as resource constraints and technological limitations, are also discussed. The authors emphasize the importance of considering the net climate impact of CO₂ utilization, as some pathways may not provide net climate benefits. They suggest that policies should incentivize genuine emission reductions and removals rather than supporting utilization per se. Future priorities include reducing costs, improving technology readiness levels, and conducting field trials to understand system-wide impacts.