The article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on the interaction between the virus and the immune system, and the role of dysfunctional immune responses in disease progression. It highlights the similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, in terms of their pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations. The authors discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting viral infection and immunoregulation, emphasizing the importance of understanding the host-pathogen biology to develop effective treatments. They also explore the implications of specific features of the infection for therapeutic approaches, including the use of monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and to identify biomarkers for effective patient triage.The article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on the interaction between the virus and the immune system, and the role of dysfunctional immune responses in disease progression. It highlights the similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, in terms of their pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations. The authors discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting viral infection and immunoregulation, emphasizing the importance of understanding the host-pathogen biology to develop effective treatments. They also explore the implications of specific features of the infection for therapeutic approaches, including the use of monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and to identify biomarkers for effective patient triage.