The tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a common and potentially life-threatening complication in patients with hematologic cancers, characterized by the rapid release of cellular contents into the bloodstream. This can lead to hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia, causing electrolyte and metabolic disturbances that can progress to renal insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and multiorgan failure. The incidence and severity of TLS depend on the cancer mass, the potential for cell lysis, patient characteristics, and supportive care. Optimal management involves preserving renal function, preventing dysrhythmias, and managing neuromuscular irritability. Key strategies include intravenous hydration, phosphate binders, and the use of rasburicase to break down uric acid. Monitoring urine output and electrolyte levels is crucial, and early recognition and intervention are essential to prevent severe complications.The tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a common and potentially life-threatening complication in patients with hematologic cancers, characterized by the rapid release of cellular contents into the bloodstream. This can lead to hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia, causing electrolyte and metabolic disturbances that can progress to renal insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and multiorgan failure. The incidence and severity of TLS depend on the cancer mass, the potential for cell lysis, patient characteristics, and supportive care. Optimal management involves preserving renal function, preventing dysrhythmias, and managing neuromuscular irritability. Key strategies include intravenous hydration, phosphate binders, and the use of rasburicase to break down uric acid. Monitoring urine output and electrolyte levels is crucial, and early recognition and intervention are essential to prevent severe complications.