The review discusses the current understanding of star formation, emphasizing the role of turbulence in both initiating and counteracting gravitational collapse. Turbulence, magnetic fields, and self-gravity are key nonlinear processes in star formation. The paper outlines the formation of stars on both large and small scales, from giant molecular clouds (GMCs) to protostellar systems. It addresses how GMCs form, evolve, and determine the star formation rate and initial mass function (IMF). The review also covers the formation of low- and high-mass stars, including accretion, winds, and angular momentum transport in disks. While many questions remain, the framework for a comprehensive theory of star formation is now in place, with future telescopes expected to test it. The paper discusses turbulence, its effects on density structures, and observations of turbulence in star-forming regions. It also covers self-gravity, magnetic fields, and the interplay between these processes in star formation. The review highlights the importance of turbulence in shaping the distribution of mass and density in star-forming regions, and how it influences the formation of stars and planetary systems.The review discusses the current understanding of star formation, emphasizing the role of turbulence in both initiating and counteracting gravitational collapse. Turbulence, magnetic fields, and self-gravity are key nonlinear processes in star formation. The paper outlines the formation of stars on both large and small scales, from giant molecular clouds (GMCs) to protostellar systems. It addresses how GMCs form, evolve, and determine the star formation rate and initial mass function (IMF). The review also covers the formation of low- and high-mass stars, including accretion, winds, and angular momentum transport in disks. While many questions remain, the framework for a comprehensive theory of star formation is now in place, with future telescopes expected to test it. The paper discusses turbulence, its effects on density structures, and observations of turbulence in star-forming regions. It also covers self-gravity, magnetic fields, and the interplay between these processes in star formation. The review highlights the importance of turbulence in shaping the distribution of mass and density in star-forming regions, and how it influences the formation of stars and planetary systems.