The chapter discusses the concept of "theory of mind," which is the ability to understand and predict the beliefs and intentions of others. It explains that having a theory of mind allows us to recognize and manipulate others' beliefs, facilitating interactions such as teaching and deception. The text highlights that children typically develop this ability around the age of five, and those with autism often struggle with it, reaching a mental age of about 10 years. The chapter also explores the neural basis of theory of mind, identifying regions like the medial prefrontal cortex and the temporo-parietal junction as key areas involved in mentalizing. Additionally, it mentions that animals like chimpanzees may have a rudimentary theory of mind, while other animals likely do not. The text concludes by suggesting that mentalizing may depend on the ability to form meta-representations and that understanding the social brain is crucial for further research in this area.The chapter discusses the concept of "theory of mind," which is the ability to understand and predict the beliefs and intentions of others. It explains that having a theory of mind allows us to recognize and manipulate others' beliefs, facilitating interactions such as teaching and deception. The text highlights that children typically develop this ability around the age of five, and those with autism often struggle with it, reaching a mental age of about 10 years. The chapter also explores the neural basis of theory of mind, identifying regions like the medial prefrontal cortex and the temporo-parietal junction as key areas involved in mentalizing. Additionally, it mentions that animals like chimpanzees may have a rudimentary theory of mind, while other animals likely do not. The text concludes by suggesting that mentalizing may depend on the ability to form meta-representations and that understanding the social brain is crucial for further research in this area.