This review article by Gupta, Patchva, and Aggarwal discusses the therapeutic roles of curcumin, a component of turmeric, in addressing various human diseases. Curcumin has been extensively studied for its pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy in clinical trials over the past two decades. The authors highlight its potential in treating a wide range of conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, uveitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Curcumin's pleiotropic activities are attributed to its ability to modulate multiple signaling molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic proteins, NF-κB, COX-2, and STAT3. The review also covers the use of curcumin alone or in combination with other agents, and various formulations like nanoparticles, liposomal encapsulation, and capsules. Despite its promising effects, poor bioavailability remains a challenge, leading to efforts to enhance its absorption and efficacy. The article concludes by summarizing completed clinical trials that demonstrate curcumin's safety and potential therapeutic benefits in human diseases, emphasizing the need for larger, well-controlled studies to confirm these findings.This review article by Gupta, Patchva, and Aggarwal discusses the therapeutic roles of curcumin, a component of turmeric, in addressing various human diseases. Curcumin has been extensively studied for its pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy in clinical trials over the past two decades. The authors highlight its potential in treating a wide range of conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, uveitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Curcumin's pleiotropic activities are attributed to its ability to modulate multiple signaling molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic proteins, NF-κB, COX-2, and STAT3. The review also covers the use of curcumin alone or in combination with other agents, and various formulations like nanoparticles, liposomal encapsulation, and capsules. Despite its promising effects, poor bioavailability remains a challenge, leading to efforts to enhance its absorption and efficacy. The article concludes by summarizing completed clinical trials that demonstrate curcumin's safety and potential therapeutic benefits in human diseases, emphasizing the need for larger, well-controlled studies to confirm these findings.