Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from turmeric, has shown therapeutic potential in various human diseases through extensive clinical trials. It modulates multiple signaling pathways, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic proteins, NF-κB, COX-2, and others, and has been used in clinical trials alone or in combination with other agents. Curcumin has demonstrated efficacy in treating conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, uveitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. It has also shown protective effects against hepatic conditions, chronic arsenic exposure, and alcohol intoxication. Clinical trials have indicated that curcumin is safe at high doses, up to 12 g/day over 3 months. However, its poor bioavailability due to rapid metabolism and elimination has been addressed through formulations like nanoparticles, liposomes, and phytosomes. Curcumin has been tested in various formulations, including capsules, tablets, and powders, and has shown promising results in treating diseases such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma. It has also been effective in managing inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and arthritis. Curcumin's ability to modulate multiple signaling molecules suggests its potential as a multitargeted therapeutic agent. Despite its promising effects, further well-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in various conditions.Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from turmeric, has shown therapeutic potential in various human diseases through extensive clinical trials. It modulates multiple signaling pathways, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic proteins, NF-κB, COX-2, and others, and has been used in clinical trials alone or in combination with other agents. Curcumin has demonstrated efficacy in treating conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, uveitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. It has also shown protective effects against hepatic conditions, chronic arsenic exposure, and alcohol intoxication. Clinical trials have indicated that curcumin is safe at high doses, up to 12 g/day over 3 months. However, its poor bioavailability due to rapid metabolism and elimination has been addressed through formulations like nanoparticles, liposomes, and phytosomes. Curcumin has been tested in various formulations, including capsules, tablets, and powders, and has shown promising results in treating diseases such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma. It has also been effective in managing inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and arthritis. Curcumin's ability to modulate multiple signaling molecules suggests its potential as a multitargeted therapeutic agent. Despite its promising effects, further well-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in various conditions.