Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity

Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity

MAY 1967 | SYUKURO MANABE AND RICHARD T. WETHERALD
Manabe and Wetherald computed the radiative convective equilibrium of the atmosphere with a given distribution of relative humidity. Their results show that it takes almost twice as long to reach equilibrium for an atmosphere with a given relative humidity distribution compared to one with a given absolute humidity distribution. The surface equilibrium temperature for the former is also twice as sensitive to changes in factors like solar constant, CO₂ content, O₃ content, and cloudiness. They estimate that doubling the CO₂ content raises the atmosphere's temperature by about 2°C, which is less sensitive than Möller's findings. The study builds on previous work by Manabe and Strickler (1964), incorporating radiative transfer into the general circulation model. They used a scheme for radiative transfer and performed numerical integration of the general circulation involving the hydrologic cycle. They found that the atmosphere with a fixed relative humidity distribution is more sensitive to changes in solar constant and absorbers like CO₂ and O₃ than one with a fixed absolute humidity distribution. The study discusses the vertical distribution of relative humidity, atmospheric absorbers, and the effects of various factors on equilibrium temperature. It shows that the equilibrium temperature of the atmosphere with a fixed relative humidity distribution is more sensitive to changes in solar constant and absorbers. The study also examines the effects of stratospheric water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, surface albedo, and cloudiness on equilibrium temperature. The results indicate that the atmosphere with a given relative humidity distribution is more sensitive to changes in solar constant and absorbers. The study concludes that the sensitivity of the atmosphere's equilibrium temperature to changes in CO₂ content is less than Möller's findings. The study also shows that the equilibrium temperature of the atmosphere with a fixed relative humidity distribution is more sensitive to changes in stratospheric water vapor. The study highlights the importance of convective adjustment in maintaining the existing distribution of atmospheric temperature. The results suggest that the radiation-condensation relaxation is much slower than pure radiation relaxation, and that the equilibrium temperature of the atmosphere with a fixed relative humidity distribution is more sensitive to changes in solar constant and absorbers. The study also shows that the effects of cloudiness, surface albedo, and ozone distribution on the equilibrium temperature are significant.Manabe and Wetherald computed the radiative convective equilibrium of the atmosphere with a given distribution of relative humidity. Their results show that it takes almost twice as long to reach equilibrium for an atmosphere with a given relative humidity distribution compared to one with a given absolute humidity distribution. The surface equilibrium temperature for the former is also twice as sensitive to changes in factors like solar constant, CO₂ content, O₃ content, and cloudiness. They estimate that doubling the CO₂ content raises the atmosphere's temperature by about 2°C, which is less sensitive than Möller's findings. The study builds on previous work by Manabe and Strickler (1964), incorporating radiative transfer into the general circulation model. They used a scheme for radiative transfer and performed numerical integration of the general circulation involving the hydrologic cycle. They found that the atmosphere with a fixed relative humidity distribution is more sensitive to changes in solar constant and absorbers like CO₂ and O₃ than one with a fixed absolute humidity distribution. The study discusses the vertical distribution of relative humidity, atmospheric absorbers, and the effects of various factors on equilibrium temperature. It shows that the equilibrium temperature of the atmosphere with a fixed relative humidity distribution is more sensitive to changes in solar constant and absorbers. The study also examines the effects of stratospheric water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, surface albedo, and cloudiness on equilibrium temperature. The results indicate that the atmosphere with a given relative humidity distribution is more sensitive to changes in solar constant and absorbers. The study concludes that the sensitivity of the atmosphere's equilibrium temperature to changes in CO₂ content is less than Möller's findings. The study also shows that the equilibrium temperature of the atmosphere with a fixed relative humidity distribution is more sensitive to changes in stratospheric water vapor. The study highlights the importance of convective adjustment in maintaining the existing distribution of atmospheric temperature. The results suggest that the radiation-condensation relaxation is much slower than pure radiation relaxation, and that the equilibrium temperature of the atmosphere with a fixed relative humidity distribution is more sensitive to changes in solar constant and absorbers. The study also shows that the effects of cloudiness, surface albedo, and ozone distribution on the equilibrium temperature are significant.
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