The article reviews the thermal and thermoelectric properties of carbon materials, focusing on graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and nanostructured carbon materials. It highlights the unique thermal conductivity range of carbon materials, from amorphous carbon to graphene and CNTs, spanning over five orders of magnitude. The review emphasizes the unusual size dependence of heat conduction in two-dimensional crystals, particularly in graphene, and discusses the prospects for thermal management in electronics using these materials. The text also covers the basics of heat conduction, the thermal properties of bulk carbon allotropes, disordered and nanostructured carbon materials, and the thermal conductivity of CNTs. It explores the thermal transport in graphene, including experimental studies and theoretical predictions, and discusses the thermal boundary resistance at graphene-substrate interfaces. The article further examines the potential of carbon-based composites and the thermoelectric effects in graphene. Finally, it outlines future prospects for the application of carbon materials in thermal management and thermoelectric energy conversion.The article reviews the thermal and thermoelectric properties of carbon materials, focusing on graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and nanostructured carbon materials. It highlights the unique thermal conductivity range of carbon materials, from amorphous carbon to graphene and CNTs, spanning over five orders of magnitude. The review emphasizes the unusual size dependence of heat conduction in two-dimensional crystals, particularly in graphene, and discusses the prospects for thermal management in electronics using these materials. The text also covers the basics of heat conduction, the thermal properties of bulk carbon allotropes, disordered and nanostructured carbon materials, and the thermal conductivity of CNTs. It explores the thermal transport in graphene, including experimental studies and theoretical predictions, and discusses the thermal boundary resistance at graphene-substrate interfaces. The article further examines the potential of carbon-based composites and the thermoelectric effects in graphene. Finally, it outlines future prospects for the application of carbon materials in thermal management and thermoelectric energy conversion.