The study investigates the coordination of hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activities during a spatial working memory task in rats. Using simultaneous tetrode recordings from CA1 of the hippocampus and medial PFC, the researchers found that correlated firing between these two structures was selectively enhanced during epochs that required spatial working memory. This enhancement was accompanied by increased coupling between the two structures in the 4- to 12-Hz theta-frequency range. The results suggest that theta rhythms may serve as a general mechanism for controlling the relative timing of neural activities, allowing specialized brain structures to encode information independently and interact selectively according to current behavioral demands. The study also found that mPFC firing during choice-direction runs carried more spatial information than during forced-turn runs, and that the degree of phase-locking of mPFC neurons to the CA1 theta rhythm was enhanced during correct choice trials compared to error trials. These findings provide evidence for the rapid configuration of functional connectivity through the theta-frequency entrainment of oscillatory networks across the hippocampus and PFC, which may contribute to the dynamic incorporation of spatial information into decision-making processes.The study investigates the coordination of hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activities during a spatial working memory task in rats. Using simultaneous tetrode recordings from CA1 of the hippocampus and medial PFC, the researchers found that correlated firing between these two structures was selectively enhanced during epochs that required spatial working memory. This enhancement was accompanied by increased coupling between the two structures in the 4- to 12-Hz theta-frequency range. The results suggest that theta rhythms may serve as a general mechanism for controlling the relative timing of neural activities, allowing specialized brain structures to encode information independently and interact selectively according to current behavioral demands. The study also found that mPFC firing during choice-direction runs carried more spatial information than during forced-turn runs, and that the degree of phase-locking of mPFC neurons to the CA1 theta rhythm was enhanced during correct choice trials compared to error trials. These findings provide evidence for the rapid configuration of functional connectivity through the theta-frequency entrainment of oscillatory networks across the hippocampus and PFC, which may contribute to the dynamic incorporation of spatial information into decision-making processes.