This review examines the threats to mangroves from climate change and explores adaptation options. Mangroves are vulnerable to relative sea-level rise, which may be the greatest threat, as most mangrove sediment surfaces are not keeping pace with rising sea levels. Mangroves in the Pacific Islands are at high risk of substantial reductions. Other climate change outcomes and mangrove responses are less certain. More research is needed on assessment methods and standard indicators of change in response to climate change effects, while regional monitoring networks are needed to observe these responses to enable informed adaptation. Adaptation measures can offset anticipated mangrove losses and improve resistance and resilience to climate change. Coastal planning can adapt to facilitate mangrove migration with sea-level rise. Management of activities within the catchment that affect long-term trends in mangrove sediment elevation, better management of other stressors on mangroves, rehabilitation of degraded mangrove areas, and increases in systems of strategically designed protected area networks that include mangroves and functionally linked ecosystems through representation, replication and refugia, are additional adaptation options. The review highlights the importance of understanding mangrove responses to climate change and the need for adaptive management strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems.This review examines the threats to mangroves from climate change and explores adaptation options. Mangroves are vulnerable to relative sea-level rise, which may be the greatest threat, as most mangrove sediment surfaces are not keeping pace with rising sea levels. Mangroves in the Pacific Islands are at high risk of substantial reductions. Other climate change outcomes and mangrove responses are less certain. More research is needed on assessment methods and standard indicators of change in response to climate change effects, while regional monitoring networks are needed to observe these responses to enable informed adaptation. Adaptation measures can offset anticipated mangrove losses and improve resistance and resilience to climate change. Coastal planning can adapt to facilitate mangrove migration with sea-level rise. Management of activities within the catchment that affect long-term trends in mangrove sediment elevation, better management of other stressors on mangroves, rehabilitation of degraded mangrove areas, and increases in systems of strategically designed protected area networks that include mangroves and functionally linked ecosystems through representation, replication and refugia, are additional adaptation options. The review highlights the importance of understanding mangrove responses to climate change and the need for adaptive management strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems.