Three-year outcomes of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19

Three-year outcomes of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19

June 2024 | Miao Cai, Yan Xie, Eric J. Topol & Ziyad Al-Aly
A three-year study of 135,161 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 5,206,835 controls from the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) found that the risk of death and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) decreased over time, but significant risks remained, especially among hospitalized individuals. Among non-hospitalized individuals, the risk of death was no longer elevated after the first year, and the risk of PASC declined over three years, contributing 9.6 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 1,000 persons in the third year. In contrast, hospitalized individuals had a significantly elevated risk of death in the third year (incidence rate ratio: 1.29), and the risk of PASC remained high, leading to 90.0 DALYs per 1,000 persons. The study also found that PASC affected multiple organ systems, with the highest risks in cardiovascular, mental, neurological, coagulation and hematologic, and kidney disorders. The cumulative burden of PASC was much higher in hospitalized individuals compared to non-hospitalized individuals, with 766.2 DALYs per 1,000 persons in hospitalized individuals versus 91.2 in non-hospitalized individuals. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in hospitalized individuals compared to non-hospitalized individuals, and that the risk of PASC persisted longer in hospitalized individuals. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study concluded that the risk of PASC decreased over time, but the burden of mortality and health loss remained in the third year among hospitalized individuals. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk ofA three-year study of 135,161 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 5,206,835 controls from the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) found that the risk of death and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) decreased over time, but significant risks remained, especially among hospitalized individuals. Among non-hospitalized individuals, the risk of death was no longer elevated after the first year, and the risk of PASC declined over three years, contributing 9.6 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 1,000 persons in the third year. In contrast, hospitalized individuals had a significantly elevated risk of death in the third year (incidence rate ratio: 1.29), and the risk of PASC remained high, leading to 90.0 DALYs per 1,000 persons. The study also found that PASC affected multiple organ systems, with the highest risks in cardiovascular, mental, neurological, coagulation and hematologic, and kidney disorders. The cumulative burden of PASC was much higher in hospitalized individuals compared to non-hospitalized individuals, with 766.2 DALYs per 1,000 persons in hospitalized individuals versus 91.2 in non-hospitalized individuals. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in hospitalized individuals compared to non-hospitalized individuals, and that the risk of PASC persisted longer in hospitalized individuals. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study concluded that the risk of PASC decreased over time, but the burden of mortality and health loss remained in the third year among hospitalized individuals. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of PASC was higher in individuals with more severe acute infections. The study also found that the risk of
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Understanding Three-year outcomes of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19