This study investigates the diffusion-controlled stability of electrolytic surface nanobubbles on wettability-patterned nanoelectrodes. Using molecular simulations, the researchers explore how nanobubbles grow and detach based on current density. They find a threshold current density that determines whether nanobubbles remain stable or grow uncontrollably and detach due to buoyancy. The study extends the Lohse-Zhang stability theory to predict nanobubble behavior, including equilibrium contact angles and the threshold current density. For larger systems, continuum simulations using the finite difference method combined with the immersed boundary method confirm the agreement between simulations and theory. Nanobubbles on gas-evolving electrodes hinder electrolysis by blocking the electrode surface, reducing current density and efficiency. Understanding nanobubble nucleation, growth, and detachment is crucial for improving electrolysis efficiency. The study uses nanoelectrodes to generate single nanobubbles, allowing controlled study of their behavior. Molecular dynamics simulations show that nanobubbles grow in a diffusion-controlled mode when current density is below a threshold, but grow uncontrollably above it. The threshold current density is found to be between 10.2 and 12 kg/(m²s), with the exact value depending on system specifics. The study extends the Lohse-Zhang model to include gas influx at the contact line, accurately predicting nanobubble behavior. The model explains the transition from stable to unstable nanobubbles as current density increases. The threshold current density is linked to gas oversaturation, and the model predicts equilibrium contact angles and bubble detachment. The findings have implications for improving electrolysis efficiency by enhancing bubble detachment. The study also highlights the importance of pinning length in nanobubble stability, with longer pinning lengths leading to greater instability. The results are supported by both molecular dynamics and continuum simulations, demonstrating the validity of the theoretical framework. The study contributes to understanding nanobubble dynamics in electrochemical processes, with potential applications in hydrogen production and other gas evolution reactions.This study investigates the diffusion-controlled stability of electrolytic surface nanobubbles on wettability-patterned nanoelectrodes. Using molecular simulations, the researchers explore how nanobubbles grow and detach based on current density. They find a threshold current density that determines whether nanobubbles remain stable or grow uncontrollably and detach due to buoyancy. The study extends the Lohse-Zhang stability theory to predict nanobubble behavior, including equilibrium contact angles and the threshold current density. For larger systems, continuum simulations using the finite difference method combined with the immersed boundary method confirm the agreement between simulations and theory. Nanobubbles on gas-evolving electrodes hinder electrolysis by blocking the electrode surface, reducing current density and efficiency. Understanding nanobubble nucleation, growth, and detachment is crucial for improving electrolysis efficiency. The study uses nanoelectrodes to generate single nanobubbles, allowing controlled study of their behavior. Molecular dynamics simulations show that nanobubbles grow in a diffusion-controlled mode when current density is below a threshold, but grow uncontrollably above it. The threshold current density is found to be between 10.2 and 12 kg/(m²s), with the exact value depending on system specifics. The study extends the Lohse-Zhang model to include gas influx at the contact line, accurately predicting nanobubble behavior. The model explains the transition from stable to unstable nanobubbles as current density increases. The threshold current density is linked to gas oversaturation, and the model predicts equilibrium contact angles and bubble detachment. The findings have implications for improving electrolysis efficiency by enhancing bubble detachment. The study also highlights the importance of pinning length in nanobubble stability, with longer pinning lengths leading to greater instability. The results are supported by both molecular dynamics and continuum simulations, demonstrating the validity of the theoretical framework. The study contributes to understanding nanobubble dynamics in electrochemical processes, with potential applications in hydrogen production and other gas evolution reactions.