This study quantifies the amount of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) in various food products and personal care items, and assesses human exposure to dietary (nano-) TiO₂. The research highlights that candies, sweets, and chewing gums have the highest content of TiO₂, while toothpastes and select sunscreens contain 1% to >10% titanium by weight. Most shampoos, deodorants, and shaving creams contain the lowest levels of titanium (<0.01 μg/mg). The study also finds that while many white-colored products contain titanium, it is not a prerequisite. The widespread use and disposal of these products into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and eventually into the environment are significant concerns. A Monte Carlo human exposure analysis shows that children have the highest exposures due to the higher content of TiO₂ in sweets, with a typical exposure of 1 mg Ti per kg body weight per day for a US adult. The research emphasizes the need for greater attention to the fate and transport of food-grade TiO₂ (E171) in the environment, as it is more readily dispersed into water compared to the commonly used P25, which is less likely to enter the environment.This study quantifies the amount of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) in various food products and personal care items, and assesses human exposure to dietary (nano-) TiO₂. The research highlights that candies, sweets, and chewing gums have the highest content of TiO₂, while toothpastes and select sunscreens contain 1% to >10% titanium by weight. Most shampoos, deodorants, and shaving creams contain the lowest levels of titanium (<0.01 μg/mg). The study also finds that while many white-colored products contain titanium, it is not a prerequisite. The widespread use and disposal of these products into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and eventually into the environment are significant concerns. A Monte Carlo human exposure analysis shows that children have the highest exposures due to the higher content of TiO₂ in sweets, with a typical exposure of 1 mg Ti per kg body weight per day for a US adult. The research emphasizes the need for greater attention to the fate and transport of food-grade TiO₂ (E171) in the environment, as it is more readily dispersed into water compared to the commonly used P25, which is less likely to enter the environment.