This review provides a comprehensive overview of topological superconductors, focusing on their fundamental concepts, theoretical foundations, and experimental realizations. It begins by introducing the concept of topology in quantum mechanics, emphasizing the role of Berry phase, Chern number, and symmetry in determining topological properties. The review then delves into the basics of superconductivity, including Bogoliubov quasiparticles, particle-hole symmetry, and pairing symmetry. The theory of topological superconductors is discussed, highlighting the relationship between topological superconductivity and Majorana fermions, as well as the distinction between dispersive Majorana fermions and localized Majorana zero modes. The review outlines various routes to achieving topological superconductivity, including odd-parity superconductors, spin-singlet pairing with spin-orbit coupling, and spin-rotation breaking. It also summarizes materials realizations of topological superconductors, both intrinsic and artificial, and discusses their unique properties. The review emphasizes the importance of topological invariants, such as the Z₂ index, in classifying topological superconductors and their potential applications in quantum computing. The review concludes with an outlook on future research directions and acknowledges the contributions of various researchers in the field.This review provides a comprehensive overview of topological superconductors, focusing on their fundamental concepts, theoretical foundations, and experimental realizations. It begins by introducing the concept of topology in quantum mechanics, emphasizing the role of Berry phase, Chern number, and symmetry in determining topological properties. The review then delves into the basics of superconductivity, including Bogoliubov quasiparticles, particle-hole symmetry, and pairing symmetry. The theory of topological superconductors is discussed, highlighting the relationship between topological superconductivity and Majorana fermions, as well as the distinction between dispersive Majorana fermions and localized Majorana zero modes. The review outlines various routes to achieving topological superconductivity, including odd-parity superconductors, spin-singlet pairing with spin-orbit coupling, and spin-rotation breaking. It also summarizes materials realizations of topological superconductors, both intrinsic and artificial, and discusses their unique properties. The review emphasizes the importance of topological invariants, such as the Z₂ index, in classifying topological superconductors and their potential applications in quantum computing. The review concludes with an outlook on future research directions and acknowledges the contributions of various researchers in the field.