The article discusses the future of psychiatric diagnosis through the lens of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project initiated by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 2009. Current diagnostic systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), rely heavily on presenting signs and symptoms, which often do not reflect the underlying neurobiological and behavioral systems. This approach hinders research on etiology, pathophysiology, and the development of new treatments. RDoC aims to develop a research classification system based on neurobiology and observable behavior, focusing on fundamental biobehavioral dimensions that cut across current heterogeneous disorder categories. The article outlines the rationale, status, and long-term goals of RDoC, highlighting seven key differences from traditional psychiatric nosologies. These differences include a strong translational research perspective, an explicitly dimensional approach to psychopathology, the development of reliable and valid measures, flexible research designs, an integrative model, and the ability to accommodate new research findings. The article emphasizes that RDoC is not intended for clinical use but rather as a research framework to transform the approach to the nosology of mental disorders. It aims to provide a platform for research that can generate new findings and approaches to inform future versions of psychiatric nosologies, ultimately reducing the burden of suffering for those with mental disorders.The article discusses the future of psychiatric diagnosis through the lens of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project initiated by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 2009. Current diagnostic systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), rely heavily on presenting signs and symptoms, which often do not reflect the underlying neurobiological and behavioral systems. This approach hinders research on etiology, pathophysiology, and the development of new treatments. RDoC aims to develop a research classification system based on neurobiology and observable behavior, focusing on fundamental biobehavioral dimensions that cut across current heterogeneous disorder categories. The article outlines the rationale, status, and long-term goals of RDoC, highlighting seven key differences from traditional psychiatric nosologies. These differences include a strong translational research perspective, an explicitly dimensional approach to psychopathology, the development of reliable and valid measures, flexible research designs, an integrative model, and the ability to accommodate new research findings. The article emphasizes that RDoC is not intended for clinical use but rather as a research framework to transform the approach to the nosology of mental disorders. It aims to provide a platform for research that can generate new findings and approaches to inform future versions of psychiatric nosologies, ultimately reducing the burden of suffering for those with mental disorders.