This review discusses the technologies and challenges in developing a future hydrogen supply chain. Hydrogen is considered a promising clean energy carrier due to its high energy density and low carbon footprint. The paper outlines the key technologies involved in the hydrogen supply chain, including production, storage, transportation, and utilization. It also examines the challenges in constructing a hydrogen supply chain from techno-economic, social, and policy perspectives, and presents future development prospects. Hydrogen can be produced from fossil fuels, biomass, and water. Fossil fuel-based production methods include steam reforming (SR), partial oxidation (POX), and gasification. SR is the most mature method, but it has high carbon emissions. POX requires an air separation unit for pure oxygen, leading to higher costs. Gasification produces synthesis gas, which can be further processed to generate hydrogen, but it also emits significant CO₂. Biomass gasification and pyrolysis are promising methods for hydrogen production, offering lower carbon emissions. However, challenges such as tar removal and catalyst efficiency need to be addressed. Water electrolysis, including alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEME), and solid oxide electrolysis (SOE), is a clean method for hydrogen production with no carbon emissions. Photocatalytic water splitting using solar energy is also a promising approach. Hydrogen storage methods include gaseous, liquid, and solid-state storage. Gaseous storage involves high-pressure tanks, while underground storage uses depleted oil and gas reservoirs or salt caverns. Liquid hydrogen storage requires cryogenic conditions and has high energy consumption. Solid-state storage, such as physical adsorption and chemical hydrides, offers higher volumetric density and safety. The paper highlights the challenges in developing a hydrogen supply chain, including high costs, technical limitations, and policy barriers. Future research should focus on improving efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring safety to enable the widespread adoption of hydrogen as a key energy carrier.This review discusses the technologies and challenges in developing a future hydrogen supply chain. Hydrogen is considered a promising clean energy carrier due to its high energy density and low carbon footprint. The paper outlines the key technologies involved in the hydrogen supply chain, including production, storage, transportation, and utilization. It also examines the challenges in constructing a hydrogen supply chain from techno-economic, social, and policy perspectives, and presents future development prospects. Hydrogen can be produced from fossil fuels, biomass, and water. Fossil fuel-based production methods include steam reforming (SR), partial oxidation (POX), and gasification. SR is the most mature method, but it has high carbon emissions. POX requires an air separation unit for pure oxygen, leading to higher costs. Gasification produces synthesis gas, which can be further processed to generate hydrogen, but it also emits significant CO₂. Biomass gasification and pyrolysis are promising methods for hydrogen production, offering lower carbon emissions. However, challenges such as tar removal and catalyst efficiency need to be addressed. Water electrolysis, including alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEME), and solid oxide electrolysis (SOE), is a clean method for hydrogen production with no carbon emissions. Photocatalytic water splitting using solar energy is also a promising approach. Hydrogen storage methods include gaseous, liquid, and solid-state storage. Gaseous storage involves high-pressure tanks, while underground storage uses depleted oil and gas reservoirs or salt caverns. Liquid hydrogen storage requires cryogenic conditions and has high energy consumption. Solid-state storage, such as physical adsorption and chemical hydrides, offers higher volumetric density and safety. The paper highlights the challenges in developing a hydrogen supply chain, including high costs, technical limitations, and policy barriers. Future research should focus on improving efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring safety to enable the widespread adoption of hydrogen as a key energy carrier.