This paper proposes an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience, conceptualizing resilience not just as the ability of a region to accommodate shocks, but as the long-term ability to develop new growth paths. It argues that resilient regions are capable of overcoming a trade-off between adaptation and adaptability, as embodied in their industrial (related and unrelated variety), network (open, loosely coupled) and institutional (loosely coherent) structures. The paper discusses how regional resilience can be associated with configurations of the industrial structure, how networks can be made part of regional resilience, and how the institutional dimension contributes to regional resilience. It also explores the role of history in regional resilience, arguing that history is key to understanding how regions develop new growth paths, as pre-existing industrial, network and institutional structures provide opportunities but also set limits to the process of diversification. The paper also addresses the trade-off between adaptation and adaptability, and how this can be overcome. It concludes that an evolutionary approach to regional resilience needs to account for the complex and multi-dimensional nature of resilience, and that regions (at whatever spatial scale) are collections of individuals, organizations, industries, networks and institutions, each of which can display their own processes of path dependence. The paper argues that the evolutionary approach to regional resilience is still underdeveloped for at least five reasons, including the need to integrate the two meanings of resilience, the need to better understand how regions develop new growth paths, the need to redefine the role of history, the need to overcome the trade-off between adaptability and adaptation, and the need to account for the complex and multi-dimensional nature of resilience. The paper concludes that regional resilience is enhanced when a region has a core/periphery network structure with a balance between embedded relationships within cliques and strategic 'structural hole' relationships among cliques, a network structure with combinations of optimal levels of proximities, and key agents in the network who ensure access to novel information and enable its wide diffusion to other local actors.This paper proposes an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience, conceptualizing resilience not just as the ability of a region to accommodate shocks, but as the long-term ability to develop new growth paths. It argues that resilient regions are capable of overcoming a trade-off between adaptation and adaptability, as embodied in their industrial (related and unrelated variety), network (open, loosely coupled) and institutional (loosely coherent) structures. The paper discusses how regional resilience can be associated with configurations of the industrial structure, how networks can be made part of regional resilience, and how the institutional dimension contributes to regional resilience. It also explores the role of history in regional resilience, arguing that history is key to understanding how regions develop new growth paths, as pre-existing industrial, network and institutional structures provide opportunities but also set limits to the process of diversification. The paper also addresses the trade-off between adaptation and adaptability, and how this can be overcome. It concludes that an evolutionary approach to regional resilience needs to account for the complex and multi-dimensional nature of resilience, and that regions (at whatever spatial scale) are collections of individuals, organizations, industries, networks and institutions, each of which can display their own processes of path dependence. The paper argues that the evolutionary approach to regional resilience is still underdeveloped for at least five reasons, including the need to integrate the two meanings of resilience, the need to better understand how regions develop new growth paths, the need to redefine the role of history, the need to overcome the trade-off between adaptability and adaptation, and the need to account for the complex and multi-dimensional nature of resilience. The paper concludes that regional resilience is enhanced when a region has a core/periphery network structure with a balance between embedded relationships within cliques and strategic 'structural hole' relationships among cliques, a network structure with combinations of optimal levels of proximities, and key agents in the network who ensure access to novel information and enable its wide diffusion to other local actors.