Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare, life-threatening condition caused by the release of superantigenic exotoxins from certain bacteria, primarily *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Streptococcus pyogenes*. The exotoxins induce a rapid and severe inflammatory response, leading to shock, multiple organ failure, and death. Staphylococcal TSS can be menstrual or nonmenstrual, while streptococcal TSS is often associated with severe group A streptococcal infections, particularly necrotizing soft tissue infections. Management of TSS involves early detection, immediate resuscitation, source control, eradication of toxin production, bactericidal antibiotic treatment, and protein synthesis-inhibiting antibiotics. Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) has shown potential as an adjunctive treatment, but its efficacy remains to be fully evaluated. The incidence of TSS is low, and further research is needed to understand its pathophysiology and develop more effective treatments.Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare, life-threatening condition caused by the release of superantigenic exotoxins from certain bacteria, primarily *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Streptococcus pyogenes*. The exotoxins induce a rapid and severe inflammatory response, leading to shock, multiple organ failure, and death. Staphylococcal TSS can be menstrual or nonmenstrual, while streptococcal TSS is often associated with severe group A streptococcal infections, particularly necrotizing soft tissue infections. Management of TSS involves early detection, immediate resuscitation, source control, eradication of toxin production, bactericidal antibiotic treatment, and protein synthesis-inhibiting antibiotics. Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) has shown potential as an adjunctive treatment, but its efficacy remains to be fully evaluated. The incidence of TSS is low, and further research is needed to understand its pathophysiology and develop more effective treatments.