Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by *Toxocara canis* or *Toxocara cati*, which are ascarid nematodes. Humans become infected by ingesting embryonated eggs from contaminated sources, such as soil and earthworms, or through transplacental infection from an infected mother. Unlike their definitive hosts (dogs and cats), humans do not complete the life cycle, and the juvenile stages wander throughout the body, causing damage to various organs. The two main syndromes are visceral larva migrans (VLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM). VLM affects young children and can lead to multisystem disease, while OLM primarily affects vision and can result in blindness. The infection is widespread due to human interaction with domestic animals and the environment. Diagnosis is primarily immunological, and albendazole is the treatment of choice. Control measures include preventing the indiscriminate deposition of pet feces, treating pets with anthelmintics, and developing new vaccines and diagnostic tests. The physical environment plays a crucial role in maintaining and distributing the infective eggs, and future control strategies may need to focus on novel approaches, such as molecular vaccines and effective soil disinfection methods.Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by *Toxocara canis* or *Toxocara cati*, which are ascarid nematodes. Humans become infected by ingesting embryonated eggs from contaminated sources, such as soil and earthworms, or through transplacental infection from an infected mother. Unlike their definitive hosts (dogs and cats), humans do not complete the life cycle, and the juvenile stages wander throughout the body, causing damage to various organs. The two main syndromes are visceral larva migrans (VLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM). VLM affects young children and can lead to multisystem disease, while OLM primarily affects vision and can result in blindness. The infection is widespread due to human interaction with domestic animals and the environment. Diagnosis is primarily immunological, and albendazole is the treatment of choice. Control measures include preventing the indiscriminate deposition of pet feces, treating pets with anthelmintics, and developing new vaccines and diagnostic tests. The physical environment plays a crucial role in maintaining and distributing the infective eggs, and future control strategies may need to focus on novel approaches, such as molecular vaccines and effective soil disinfection methods.