This study reviews the role of trace elements in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Trace elements such as zinc, copper, manganese, and iron play crucial roles in the central nervous system, influencing neurotoxicity through various mechanisms. Low zinc levels suppress neurotoxicity induced by β-amyloid, while high levels of copper, iron, and manganese cause the aggregation of α-synuclein, leading to synaptic dysfunction and axonal transport disruption. Iron accumulation in the midbrain dopaminergic nucleus is a key factor in PD, and zinc deficiency is linked to multiple sclerosis. Aluminium disrupts metal homeostasis and increases reactive oxygen species, leading to cellular death. Selenium, in combination with iron, plays a role in ferroptosis. Understanding the influence of metals on oxidoreduction processes is essential for recognizing the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and may provide new methods for prevention and therapy. The study also discusses the potential therapeutic strategies involving chelators and other metal-specific treatments.This study reviews the role of trace elements in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Trace elements such as zinc, copper, manganese, and iron play crucial roles in the central nervous system, influencing neurotoxicity through various mechanisms. Low zinc levels suppress neurotoxicity induced by β-amyloid, while high levels of copper, iron, and manganese cause the aggregation of α-synuclein, leading to synaptic dysfunction and axonal transport disruption. Iron accumulation in the midbrain dopaminergic nucleus is a key factor in PD, and zinc deficiency is linked to multiple sclerosis. Aluminium disrupts metal homeostasis and increases reactive oxygen species, leading to cellular death. Selenium, in combination with iron, plays a role in ferroptosis. Understanding the influence of metals on oxidoreduction processes is essential for recognizing the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and may provide new methods for prevention and therapy. The study also discusses the potential therapeutic strategies involving chelators and other metal-specific treatments.