August 27-31, 2007, Kyoto, Japan | Szymon Chachulski, Michael Jennings, Sachin Katti, Dina Katabi
MORE is a MAC-independent opportunistic routing protocol that improves throughput in wireless networks by introducing randomness in packet forwarding. Unlike ExOR, which ties MAC access to routing and imposes a strict schedule, MORE randomly mixes packets before forwarding, ensuring that routers hearing the same transmission do not forward the same packets. This eliminates the need for a special scheduler and allows MORE to run directly on top of 802.11. Experimental results from a 20-node wireless testbed show that MORE's median unicast throughput is 22% higher than ExOR, and gains increase to 45% when spatial reuse is possible. For multicast, MORE's gains increase with the number of destinations, achieving 35-200% higher throughput than ExOR. MORE also outperforms traditional routing, achieving a 95% median throughput gain and up to 10x maximum gain. MORE is efficient, sustaining 44 Mb/s on low-end machines. It supports both unicast and multicast traffic, and its design allows for spatial reuse and easy extension to multicast. MORE uses network coding to combine packets, ensuring that routers do not need to know which packets the destination has received. This approach reduces redundant transmissions and improves overall throughput. MORE is implemented in Linux using the Click toolkit and Roofnet software. It addresses practical challenges such as determining how many packets to send, when to stop forwarding, and how to code efficiently. MORE's design is distributed, integrates with 802.11, and preserves spatial reuse. It also handles multicast by combining packets from multiple destinations. MORE's performance is validated through experiments showing significant improvements over ExOR and traditional routing.MORE is a MAC-independent opportunistic routing protocol that improves throughput in wireless networks by introducing randomness in packet forwarding. Unlike ExOR, which ties MAC access to routing and imposes a strict schedule, MORE randomly mixes packets before forwarding, ensuring that routers hearing the same transmission do not forward the same packets. This eliminates the need for a special scheduler and allows MORE to run directly on top of 802.11. Experimental results from a 20-node wireless testbed show that MORE's median unicast throughput is 22% higher than ExOR, and gains increase to 45% when spatial reuse is possible. For multicast, MORE's gains increase with the number of destinations, achieving 35-200% higher throughput than ExOR. MORE also outperforms traditional routing, achieving a 95% median throughput gain and up to 10x maximum gain. MORE is efficient, sustaining 44 Mb/s on low-end machines. It supports both unicast and multicast traffic, and its design allows for spatial reuse and easy extension to multicast. MORE uses network coding to combine packets, ensuring that routers do not need to know which packets the destination has received. This approach reduces redundant transmissions and improves overall throughput. MORE is implemented in Linux using the Click toolkit and Roofnet software. It addresses practical challenges such as determining how many packets to send, when to stop forwarding, and how to code efficiently. MORE's design is distributed, integrates with 802.11, and preserves spatial reuse. It also handles multicast by combining packets from multiple destinations. MORE's performance is validated through experiments showing significant improvements over ExOR and traditional routing.