Transformational adaptation is necessary when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient. It involves large-scale, novel, or location-shifting adaptations that address significant vulnerabilities and severe climate change. Examples include the regreening of the Sahel, the Thames Estuary 2100 Plan, and relocation efforts in Alaska and Pacific islands. Transformational adaptations can be reactive or anticipatory, and they often require substantial investment and institutional changes. Challenges include uncertainties about climate risks, high costs, and institutional inertia. Successful implementation requires external triggers like major events, local leadership, and supportive social contexts. Early steps include integrating transformational adaptation into risk management and researching innovative solutions. Despite barriers, transformational adaptation is crucial for vulnerable regions facing severe climate change, as it can prevent catastrophic disruptions and promote resilience. The article emphasizes the need for proactive strategies, including policy changes, research, and community engagement, to effectively address climate change impacts.Transformational adaptation is necessary when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient. It involves large-scale, novel, or location-shifting adaptations that address significant vulnerabilities and severe climate change. Examples include the regreening of the Sahel, the Thames Estuary 2100 Plan, and relocation efforts in Alaska and Pacific islands. Transformational adaptations can be reactive or anticipatory, and they often require substantial investment and institutional changes. Challenges include uncertainties about climate risks, high costs, and institutional inertia. Successful implementation requires external triggers like major events, local leadership, and supportive social contexts. Early steps include integrating transformational adaptation into risk management and researching innovative solutions. Despite barriers, transformational adaptation is crucial for vulnerable regions facing severe climate change, as it can prevent catastrophic disruptions and promote resilience. The article emphasizes the need for proactive strategies, including policy changes, research, and community engagement, to effectively address climate change impacts.