"Translating as a Purposeful Activity" by Christiane Nord is a comprehensive overview of functionalist approaches to translation in English. The book explains the complexities of theories and terms in simple language with numerous examples. It covers the development of theories, illustrates main ideas, and applies them to translator training, literary translation, interpreting, and ethics. The book concludes with a review of criticisms and future perspectives. The second edition includes a new chapter on recent developments and elaborations of the theory, making it an essential text for students and translator trainers. Nord, a leading figure in translation studies, emphasizes the importance of considering the function or functions of texts and translations, focusing on efficiency and effectiveness in communication. The book also discusses the role of the translator as an intermediary between cultures and languages, and introduces the concept of "loyalty," which governs the translator's responsibility toward their partners in translational interaction."Translating as a Purposeful Activity" by Christiane Nord is a comprehensive overview of functionalist approaches to translation in English. The book explains the complexities of theories and terms in simple language with numerous examples. It covers the development of theories, illustrates main ideas, and applies them to translator training, literary translation, interpreting, and ethics. The book concludes with a review of criticisms and future perspectives. The second edition includes a new chapter on recent developments and elaborations of the theory, making it an essential text for students and translator trainers. Nord, a leading figure in translation studies, emphasizes the importance of considering the function or functions of texts and translations, focusing on efficiency and effectiveness in communication. The book also discusses the role of the translator as an intermediary between cultures and languages, and introduces the concept of "loyalty," which governs the translator's responsibility toward their partners in translational interaction.