The article reviews the role of translational control in long-lasting synaptic plasticity and memory. It highlights recent advances in understanding how translational regulation, particularly through eIF2α phosphorylation, mTOR signaling, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), modulates gene expression to facilitate long-term changes in neural circuits. The review emphasizes the importance of local protein synthesis in dendrites for both LTP and LTD, and discusses the involvement of RBPs such as FMRP and CPEB in regulating mRNA translation. Additionally, it explores the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in post-transcriptional regulation and their potential impact on synaptic plasticity and memory. The findings suggest that translational control is a critical mechanism for the formation and consolidation of long-lasting memories and synaptic plasticity.The article reviews the role of translational control in long-lasting synaptic plasticity and memory. It highlights recent advances in understanding how translational regulation, particularly through eIF2α phosphorylation, mTOR signaling, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), modulates gene expression to facilitate long-term changes in neural circuits. The review emphasizes the importance of local protein synthesis in dendrites for both LTP and LTD, and discusses the involvement of RBPs such as FMRP and CPEB in regulating mRNA translation. Additionally, it explores the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in post-transcriptional regulation and their potential impact on synaptic plasticity and memory. The findings suggest that translational control is a critical mechanism for the formation and consolidation of long-lasting memories and synaptic plasticity.