This paper explores the translocal social resilience dimensions of migration as adaptation to environmental change. Migration is increasingly recognized as a potential strategy for climate change adaptation, but there is limited understanding of how, for whom, and under what conditions it effectively contributes. The authors argue that this is due to a lack of recognition of the nested, networked, and intersectional nature of migration-as-adaptation. The paper introduces the translocal social resilience (TSR) approach to better understand migration-as-adaptation and to provide a basis for evidence-based migration-as-adaptation policymaking. The TSR approach considers the social resilience of translocal livelihood systems, identifying processes and structures that shape resilience, and illustrating the mechanisms behind the multiplicity of resilience outcomes. The study uses empirical cases from rural Thailand and international destinations of Thai migrants, including Singapore and Germany. Data were collected through a mixed-methods research design, including surveys, participatory rural appraisals, focus-group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and social-network analysis. The study highlights the role of distinct but interlinked situations and operational logics at places of origin and destination, as well as the different positionalities and resulting vulnerabilities, roles, commitments, and practices of individuals and households regarding resilience. Based on the empirical results, the paper develops a generalized typology of five broad categories of resilience outcomes, explicitly considering sociospatiality. The paper identifies three key angles of the TSR approach: first, translocal social resilience is intrinsically related to social practices; second, translocally situated livelihood formations are the key units of analysis; and third, these translocal livelihood configurations are embedded in social-ecological and socioeconomic systems. The study finds that migration outcomes are differentiated by place and social scale, and that it is misleading to conflate these dimensions into one-dimensional statements of migration failure or success. The study shows that migration can contribute to adaptation, but the benefits are more pronounced for richer than for poorer households. Migration can also reproduce existing inequalities and increase vulnerability. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the intersectional dimensions of migration, including gender, age, class, and social relations, in understanding migration-as-adaptation. The paper concludes that a more nuanced understanding of migration-as-adaptation is necessary to develop effective policies that address the complex and multifaceted nature of migration and its impact on resilience. The TSR approach provides a framework for analyzing migration-as-adaptation that considers the sociospatial dimensions of migration and the intersectional differences that shape resilience outcomes.This paper explores the translocal social resilience dimensions of migration as adaptation to environmental change. Migration is increasingly recognized as a potential strategy for climate change adaptation, but there is limited understanding of how, for whom, and under what conditions it effectively contributes. The authors argue that this is due to a lack of recognition of the nested, networked, and intersectional nature of migration-as-adaptation. The paper introduces the translocal social resilience (TSR) approach to better understand migration-as-adaptation and to provide a basis for evidence-based migration-as-adaptation policymaking. The TSR approach considers the social resilience of translocal livelihood systems, identifying processes and structures that shape resilience, and illustrating the mechanisms behind the multiplicity of resilience outcomes. The study uses empirical cases from rural Thailand and international destinations of Thai migrants, including Singapore and Germany. Data were collected through a mixed-methods research design, including surveys, participatory rural appraisals, focus-group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and social-network analysis. The study highlights the role of distinct but interlinked situations and operational logics at places of origin and destination, as well as the different positionalities and resulting vulnerabilities, roles, commitments, and practices of individuals and households regarding resilience. Based on the empirical results, the paper develops a generalized typology of five broad categories of resilience outcomes, explicitly considering sociospatiality. The paper identifies three key angles of the TSR approach: first, translocal social resilience is intrinsically related to social practices; second, translocally situated livelihood formations are the key units of analysis; and third, these translocal livelihood configurations are embedded in social-ecological and socioeconomic systems. The study finds that migration outcomes are differentiated by place and social scale, and that it is misleading to conflate these dimensions into one-dimensional statements of migration failure or success. The study shows that migration can contribute to adaptation, but the benefits are more pronounced for richer than for poorer households. Migration can also reproduce existing inequalities and increase vulnerability. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the intersectional dimensions of migration, including gender, age, class, and social relations, in understanding migration-as-adaptation. The paper concludes that a more nuanced understanding of migration-as-adaptation is necessary to develop effective policies that address the complex and multifaceted nature of migration and its impact on resilience. The TSR approach provides a framework for analyzing migration-as-adaptation that considers the sociospatial dimensions of migration and the intersectional differences that shape resilience outcomes.