Transparent energy-saving windows based on broadband directional thermal emission

Transparent energy-saving windows based on broadband directional thermal emission

January 9, 2024 | Minyeol Bae, Do Hyeon Kim, Sun-Kyung Kim* and Young Min Song*
The paper introduces a directional radiative cooling glass (DRCG) designed to enhance energy efficiency and reduce urban heat islands. Conventional radiative coolers, which are typically oriented skyward, face challenges when installed on vertical surfaces due to nearby objects obstructing the skyward view and heat release. The DRCG is constructed using a multilayer structure incorporating epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials (Si3N4 and Al2O3) layered on an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thermal reflector. This design restricts thermal emission to specific angular ranges, known as the Berreman mode, while maintaining high visible transmittance (over 84%). Theoretical simulations and outdoor experiments validate the DRCG's superior cooling performance compared to conventional glass (C-glass). In hot urban environments with nearby object temperatures exceeding 60°C and a sky view factor of 0.25, the DRCG reduces surface temperature by over 1.5°C. Outdoor experiments further demonstrate that using the DRCG as a window enhances space cooling performance by approximately 1.5°C. The DRCG's effectiveness is attributed to its directional thermal emission, which minimizes heat exchange with nearby obstacles while ensuring efficient heat dissipation to the sky. The study highlights the potential of transparent energy-saving windows in mitigating the urban heat island effect and reducing energy consumption for cooling.The paper introduces a directional radiative cooling glass (DRCG) designed to enhance energy efficiency and reduce urban heat islands. Conventional radiative coolers, which are typically oriented skyward, face challenges when installed on vertical surfaces due to nearby objects obstructing the skyward view and heat release. The DRCG is constructed using a multilayer structure incorporating epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials (Si3N4 and Al2O3) layered on an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thermal reflector. This design restricts thermal emission to specific angular ranges, known as the Berreman mode, while maintaining high visible transmittance (over 84%). Theoretical simulations and outdoor experiments validate the DRCG's superior cooling performance compared to conventional glass (C-glass). In hot urban environments with nearby object temperatures exceeding 60°C and a sky view factor of 0.25, the DRCG reduces surface temperature by over 1.5°C. Outdoor experiments further demonstrate that using the DRCG as a window enhances space cooling performance by approximately 1.5°C. The DRCG's effectiveness is attributed to its directional thermal emission, which minimizes heat exchange with nearby obstacles while ensuring efficient heat dissipation to the sky. The study highlights the potential of transparent energy-saving windows in mitigating the urban heat island effect and reducing energy consumption for cooling.
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[slides and audio] Transparent energy-saving windows based on broadband directional thermal emission