This scoping review investigates the use of neuromodulation techniques in the rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. The study analyzed recent literature from 2013 to 2023, focusing on neuromodulation methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and others. The review found that neuromodulation can improve cognitive functions, reduce symptoms, and enhance rehabilitation outcomes for TBI patients. TMS and tDCS were particularly effective in improving memory, attention, and cognitive performance. However, the effectiveness varied among patients, especially those with chronic diffuse axonal injury. The review also highlighted the potential of neuromodulation to modulate brain activity, including theta, delta, and gamma oscillations, and to promote neural plasticity. Despite promising results, challenges remain in terms of precise targeting, long-term effects, and the need for further research to optimize these techniques for TBI rehabilitation. The study emphasizes the importance of combining neuromodulation with other therapies to achieve better functional outcomes. Overall, neuromodulation techniques show promise as a valuable tool in the rehabilitation of TBI patients, but more research is needed to fully understand their potential and limitations.This scoping review investigates the use of neuromodulation techniques in the rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. The study analyzed recent literature from 2013 to 2023, focusing on neuromodulation methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and others. The review found that neuromodulation can improve cognitive functions, reduce symptoms, and enhance rehabilitation outcomes for TBI patients. TMS and tDCS were particularly effective in improving memory, attention, and cognitive performance. However, the effectiveness varied among patients, especially those with chronic diffuse axonal injury. The review also highlighted the potential of neuromodulation to modulate brain activity, including theta, delta, and gamma oscillations, and to promote neural plasticity. Despite promising results, challenges remain in terms of precise targeting, long-term effects, and the need for further research to optimize these techniques for TBI rehabilitation. The study emphasizes the importance of combining neuromodulation with other therapies to achieve better functional outcomes. Overall, neuromodulation techniques show promise as a valuable tool in the rehabilitation of TBI patients, but more research is needed to fully understand their potential and limitations.