Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two prevalent chronic airway diseases with significant personal and social impacts. They are considered a continuum of diseases that may share biological mechanisms (endotypes) and clinical features (phenotypes), requiring individualized treatment. Precision medicine, which targets individual patient needs based on genetic, biomarker, phenotypic, or psychosocial characteristics, is proposed as a strategy for these diseases. The concept of "treatable traits" is introduced as a label-free, precision medicine approach to diagnose and manage chronic airway diseases. Treatable traits are characteristics that can be targeted for treatment, based on phenotypic or endotypic evidence. This approach aims to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes by identifying treatable traits in each patient. The current diagnostic labels (asthma, COPD) are considered outdated and insufficient for capturing the complexity of these diseases. The proposed strategy includes assessing clinical history, risk factors, and biomarkers such as spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide, and blood eosinophils to determine the probability of airway disease. If airway disease is present, a precision medicine approach is used to identify endotypes and treat them accordingly. This approach is adaptable to different levels of care and may lead to more effective and safer treatments. However, it requires further validation and may face challenges in implementation, including resistance from regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies. The proposal suggests that traditional labels should be complemented by treatable traits to better reflect the complexity of these diseases. The strategy is feasible in primary care and may improve patient outcomes through more targeted treatment. The paper concludes that a shift towards precision medicine based on treatable traits is necessary to improve the management of chronic airway diseases.Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two prevalent chronic airway diseases with significant personal and social impacts. They are considered a continuum of diseases that may share biological mechanisms (endotypes) and clinical features (phenotypes), requiring individualized treatment. Precision medicine, which targets individual patient needs based on genetic, biomarker, phenotypic, or psychosocial characteristics, is proposed as a strategy for these diseases. The concept of "treatable traits" is introduced as a label-free, precision medicine approach to diagnose and manage chronic airway diseases. Treatable traits are characteristics that can be targeted for treatment, based on phenotypic or endotypic evidence. This approach aims to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes by identifying treatable traits in each patient. The current diagnostic labels (asthma, COPD) are considered outdated and insufficient for capturing the complexity of these diseases. The proposed strategy includes assessing clinical history, risk factors, and biomarkers such as spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide, and blood eosinophils to determine the probability of airway disease. If airway disease is present, a precision medicine approach is used to identify endotypes and treat them accordingly. This approach is adaptable to different levels of care and may lead to more effective and safer treatments. However, it requires further validation and may face challenges in implementation, including resistance from regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical companies. The proposal suggests that traditional labels should be complemented by treatable traits to better reflect the complexity of these diseases. The strategy is feasible in primary care and may improve patient outcomes through more targeted treatment. The paper concludes that a shift towards precision medicine based on treatable traits is necessary to improve the management of chronic airway diseases.