The article reviews the epidemiology of dyslipidemias in India, focusing on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (NHDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. It highlights the increasing prevalence of these dyslipidemias in Indian populations, particularly in urban and northern regions. Studies such as the India Heart Watch and ICMR-INDIAB have reported high prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, high LDL cholesterol, and low HDL cholesterol. The article also discusses regional variations, with higher prevalence in more developed states and cities. Global trends show a shift in the hub of high cholesterol from Europe and North America to South and Southeast Asia. The importance of NHDL cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) is emphasized, with studies like PURE and NCDRisC reporting it as the most important risk factor. Triglyceride levels are also noted to be higher in Indians compared to Western populations, and their association with CAD is discussed. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for more national representative surveys and interventions to reduce the burden of dyslipidemias and associated cardiovascular diseases in India.The article reviews the epidemiology of dyslipidemias in India, focusing on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (NHDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. It highlights the increasing prevalence of these dyslipidemias in Indian populations, particularly in urban and northern regions. Studies such as the India Heart Watch and ICMR-INDIAB have reported high prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, high LDL cholesterol, and low HDL cholesterol. The article also discusses regional variations, with higher prevalence in more developed states and cities. Global trends show a shift in the hub of high cholesterol from Europe and North America to South and Southeast Asia. The importance of NHDL cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) is emphasized, with studies like PURE and NCDRisC reporting it as the most important risk factor. Triglyceride levels are also noted to be higher in Indians compared to Western populations, and their association with CAD is discussed. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for more national representative surveys and interventions to reduce the burden of dyslipidemias and associated cardiovascular diseases in India.