This review explores the integration of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with digital twin technology in civil engineering infrastructure 4.0, aiming to enhance energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and real-time monitoring. Civil engineering 4.0 emphasizes sustainable energy, real-time sensing, and rapid warning systems. TENGs offer a promising solution for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing in smart infrastructure. The review discusses the application of TENGs in various civil structures, including buildings, roads, rail tracks, bridges, tunnels, and ports. It highlights the integration of TENGs with digital twin technology to enable real-time monitoring and data analysis for structural health, energy efficiency, and safety. The review also addresses the challenges and future perspectives of TENG-enabled smart infrastructure, emphasizing the need for advanced materials and integrated systems. TENGs are discussed in terms of their working principles, including contact-separation, sliding, freestanding, and single-electrode modes. The review presents various applications of TENGs in smart infrastructure, such as energy harvesting, structural health monitoring, and smart home technologies. The integration of TENGs with digital twin technology is shown to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and safety of civil infrastructure. The review concludes that TENGs have significant potential in advancing smart infrastructure by enabling self-powered sensing and energy harvesting, contributing to the development of intelligent civil engineering systems.This review explores the integration of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with digital twin technology in civil engineering infrastructure 4.0, aiming to enhance energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and real-time monitoring. Civil engineering 4.0 emphasizes sustainable energy, real-time sensing, and rapid warning systems. TENGs offer a promising solution for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing in smart infrastructure. The review discusses the application of TENGs in various civil structures, including buildings, roads, rail tracks, bridges, tunnels, and ports. It highlights the integration of TENGs with digital twin technology to enable real-time monitoring and data analysis for structural health, energy efficiency, and safety. The review also addresses the challenges and future perspectives of TENG-enabled smart infrastructure, emphasizing the need for advanced materials and integrated systems. TENGs are discussed in terms of their working principles, including contact-separation, sliding, freestanding, and single-electrode modes. The review presents various applications of TENGs in smart infrastructure, such as energy harvesting, structural health monitoring, and smart home technologies. The integration of TENGs with digital twin technology is shown to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and safety of civil infrastructure. The review concludes that TENGs have significant potential in advancing smart infrastructure by enabling self-powered sensing and energy harvesting, contributing to the development of intelligent civil engineering systems.