Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly invasive and aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This review aims to provide an overview of the molecular subtypes of TNBC, their clinical features, and the current treatment options. TNBC is classified into subtypes such as basal-like 1 (BL1), basal-like 2 (BL2), mesenchymal (M), mesenchymal stem-like (MSL), immunomodulatory (IM), and luminal androgen receptor (LAR). Each subtype has distinct gene expression profiles and clinical outcomes. For instance, BL1 and BL2 subtypes are highly sensitive to taxanes, while MSL and LAR subtypes may benefit from anti-androgen or anti-estrogen therapy. The review also discusses the efficacy of various chemotherapy drugs, including taxanes, anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, platinum agents, and fluorouracil, in treating TNBC. Additionally, it explores targeted therapies such as PARP inhibitors, and the potential of immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy. The paper highlights the need for further research to develop more effective treatment strategies for TNBC, particularly in addressing the heterogeneity and resistance observed in different subtypes.Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly invasive and aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This review aims to provide an overview of the molecular subtypes of TNBC, their clinical features, and the current treatment options. TNBC is classified into subtypes such as basal-like 1 (BL1), basal-like 2 (BL2), mesenchymal (M), mesenchymal stem-like (MSL), immunomodulatory (IM), and luminal androgen receptor (LAR). Each subtype has distinct gene expression profiles and clinical outcomes. For instance, BL1 and BL2 subtypes are highly sensitive to taxanes, while MSL and LAR subtypes may benefit from anti-androgen or anti-estrogen therapy. The review also discusses the efficacy of various chemotherapy drugs, including taxanes, anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, platinum agents, and fluorouracil, in treating TNBC. Additionally, it explores targeted therapies such as PARP inhibitors, and the potential of immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy. The paper highlights the need for further research to develop more effective treatment strategies for TNBC, particularly in addressing the heterogeneity and resistance observed in different subtypes.