The article discusses the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in tumor immune escape and their therapeutic potential. EVs are heterogeneous vesicles that participate in intercellular communication and can carry various biomolecules, including tumor antigens, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These molecules can either promote or suppress immune responses, depending on their cargo and recipient cells. EVs can accelerate immune escape by delivering PD-L1 to immune cells, leading to their suppression and exhaustion. However, EVs can also be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, such as inhibiting EV production, using natural EVs, and engineering EVs to deliver therapeutic agents. The article highlights the challenges in clinical applications, including the heterogeneity of EVs and the need for optimized engineering methods. Despite these challenges, engineered EVs show promising results in inducing immune responses and overcoming immune escape, making them a promising platform for cancer immunotherapy.The article discusses the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in tumor immune escape and their therapeutic potential. EVs are heterogeneous vesicles that participate in intercellular communication and can carry various biomolecules, including tumor antigens, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These molecules can either promote or suppress immune responses, depending on their cargo and recipient cells. EVs can accelerate immune escape by delivering PD-L1 to immune cells, leading to their suppression and exhaustion. However, EVs can also be harnessed for therapeutic purposes, such as inhibiting EV production, using natural EVs, and engineering EVs to deliver therapeutic agents. The article highlights the challenges in clinical applications, including the heterogeneity of EVs and the need for optimized engineering methods. Despite these challenges, engineered EVs show promising results in inducing immune responses and overcoming immune escape, making them a promising platform for cancer immunotherapy.