Ultra-processed food (UPF) addiction has gained significant scientific attention, with recent studies estimating its prevalence at 14% among adults and 15% among youths. These rates are comparable to those of substance use disorders like alcohol and tobacco addiction. UPF addiction is associated with health disparities, particularly among persons of color and those with food insecurity, and is linked to poorer weight management outcomes. Research indicates that UPF addiction shares biological and behavioral characteristics with substance use disorders, including altered brain-gut-microbiome function and withdrawal symptoms. Studies show that UPF addiction may be more prevalent among individuals with obesity, though the two conditions are not synonymous. Recent research highlights the addictive properties of UPFs, which are designed to be hyperpalatable through the addition of refined carbohydrates, fats, and sugars. These foods trigger addiction-like responses in the brain, including dopaminergic sensitization and withdrawal, and are associated with increased consumption and poor dietary control. UPF addiction is distinct from other eating disorders, as it involves specific diagnostic criteria similar to substance use disorders. However, the lack of a recognized clinical diagnosis in the DSM-5 and limited research on the specific addictive attributes of UPFs remain challenges. Evidence suggests that UPF addiction may significantly impact weight management, with individuals with UPF addiction more likely to experience weight gain and poor dietary adherence. Studies show that UPF addiction is a strong predictor of treatment dropout in behavioral weight loss programs. Research also indicates that UPF withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety and cravings, are similar to those seen in substance use disorders. These findings support the clinical relevance of UPF addiction and highlight the need for targeted interventions. Current research emphasizes the need for further investigation into the biological and behavioral mechanisms of UPF addiction, as well as the development of effective treatments. While some interventions, such as the ketogenic diet and Overeaters Anonymous, show promise, more rigorous studies are needed to evaluate their efficacy. The complex relationship between UPF addiction and obesity treatments underscores the importance of addressing this issue in future research and clinical practice. Overall, the growing body of evidence underscores the need for scientifically informed approaches to address UPF addiction, particularly among underserved populations.Ultra-processed food (UPF) addiction has gained significant scientific attention, with recent studies estimating its prevalence at 14% among adults and 15% among youths. These rates are comparable to those of substance use disorders like alcohol and tobacco addiction. UPF addiction is associated with health disparities, particularly among persons of color and those with food insecurity, and is linked to poorer weight management outcomes. Research indicates that UPF addiction shares biological and behavioral characteristics with substance use disorders, including altered brain-gut-microbiome function and withdrawal symptoms. Studies show that UPF addiction may be more prevalent among individuals with obesity, though the two conditions are not synonymous. Recent research highlights the addictive properties of UPFs, which are designed to be hyperpalatable through the addition of refined carbohydrates, fats, and sugars. These foods trigger addiction-like responses in the brain, including dopaminergic sensitization and withdrawal, and are associated with increased consumption and poor dietary control. UPF addiction is distinct from other eating disorders, as it involves specific diagnostic criteria similar to substance use disorders. However, the lack of a recognized clinical diagnosis in the DSM-5 and limited research on the specific addictive attributes of UPFs remain challenges. Evidence suggests that UPF addiction may significantly impact weight management, with individuals with UPF addiction more likely to experience weight gain and poor dietary adherence. Studies show that UPF addiction is a strong predictor of treatment dropout in behavioral weight loss programs. Research also indicates that UPF withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety and cravings, are similar to those seen in substance use disorders. These findings support the clinical relevance of UPF addiction and highlight the need for targeted interventions. Current research emphasizes the need for further investigation into the biological and behavioral mechanisms of UPF addiction, as well as the development of effective treatments. While some interventions, such as the ketogenic diet and Overeaters Anonymous, show promise, more rigorous studies are needed to evaluate their efficacy. The complex relationship between UPF addiction and obesity treatments underscores the importance of addressing this issue in future research and clinical practice. Overall, the growing body of evidence underscores the need for scientifically informed approaches to address UPF addiction, particularly among underserved populations.