This review article, authored by Shakya et al., focuses on the use of ultrasound-responsive microbubbles and nanodroplets as targeted drug delivery agents. The authors highlight the potential of these agents to enhance cell permeability and facilitate drug absorption, addressing the limitations of systemic drug delivery such as lack of specificity and limited penetration. Microbubbles and nanodroplets are particularly noted for their ability to achieve high specificity and deep penetration through interface functionalization and the mechanical stress generated by their kinetic activity in response to ultrasound. The review covers the fabrication processes, drug-loading capabilities, and the intricate journey of these agents within the body, including their acoustic response, mechanical effects on the vasculature, and biological responses. It also discusses the challenges in clinical translation, such as the variability in agent response, the need for monodisperse bubble populations, and the importance of size constraints. The article emphasizes the therapeutic potential of these agents in treating various diseases, including Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, and brain tumors, as well as cardiovascular conditions and solid tumors. The review concludes by highlighting the need for further research to overcome existing challenges and accelerate the clinical application of ultrasound-responsive microbubbles and nanodroplets.This review article, authored by Shakya et al., focuses on the use of ultrasound-responsive microbubbles and nanodroplets as targeted drug delivery agents. The authors highlight the potential of these agents to enhance cell permeability and facilitate drug absorption, addressing the limitations of systemic drug delivery such as lack of specificity and limited penetration. Microbubbles and nanodroplets are particularly noted for their ability to achieve high specificity and deep penetration through interface functionalization and the mechanical stress generated by their kinetic activity in response to ultrasound. The review covers the fabrication processes, drug-loading capabilities, and the intricate journey of these agents within the body, including their acoustic response, mechanical effects on the vasculature, and biological responses. It also discusses the challenges in clinical translation, such as the variability in agent response, the need for monodisperse bubble populations, and the importance of size constraints. The article emphasizes the therapeutic potential of these agents in treating various diseases, including Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, and brain tumors, as well as cardiovascular conditions and solid tumors. The review concludes by highlighting the need for further research to overcome existing challenges and accelerate the clinical application of ultrasound-responsive microbubbles and nanodroplets.