This article provides a comprehensive survey of ultrasound image segmentation techniques, focusing on methods developed for medical B-mode ultrasound images. The authors review articles by clinical application to highlight the approaches investigated and the degree of validation in different clinical domains. They classify methodologies based on the use of prior information and select 10 papers that have demonstrated particular clinical usefulness or potential specific to ultrasound segmentation problems. The review covers applications in echocardiography, breast ultrasound, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and obstetrics and gynecology. For each application, examples of representative methods are provided, and performance assessment and clinical validation are discussed. The article also explores spatio-temporal methods, 3D and 4D endocardial border detection, and segmentation of the myocardium and epicardium. Additionally, it examines breast cancer segmentation and prostate segmentation, highlighting the challenges and advancements in these areas. The review emphasizes the importance of incorporating ultrasound physics and prior knowledge to improve segmentation accuracy and reliability.This article provides a comprehensive survey of ultrasound image segmentation techniques, focusing on methods developed for medical B-mode ultrasound images. The authors review articles by clinical application to highlight the approaches investigated and the degree of validation in different clinical domains. They classify methodologies based on the use of prior information and select 10 papers that have demonstrated particular clinical usefulness or potential specific to ultrasound segmentation problems. The review covers applications in echocardiography, breast ultrasound, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and obstetrics and gynecology. For each application, examples of representative methods are provided, and performance assessment and clinical validation are discussed. The article also explores spatio-temporal methods, 3D and 4D endocardial border detection, and segmentation of the myocardium and epicardium. Additionally, it examines breast cancer segmentation and prostate segmentation, highlighting the challenges and advancements in these areas. The review emphasizes the importance of incorporating ultrasound physics and prior knowledge to improve segmentation accuracy and reliability.