March 11, 2024 | Augustin Caillas and Philippe Guyot-Sionnest*
This paper presents the design and characterization of a high-detectivity mid-infrared photoconductor using HgTe colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) and a metal/insulator/metal (MIM) structure with gold nanoantennas. The MIM structure enhances the optical absorption of the CQD film, leading to a significant increase in responsivity and detectivity. Simulations show that the spatially averaged peak spectral absorption of an 80 nm CQD film is 60%, a 23-fold enhancement compared to a bare sapphire substrate. The field intensity near the antenna tips is 20-fold higher at 100 nm away, reaching up to 1000-fold enhancement. The experimental responsivity reaches 0.6 A/W at a 1 V bias, and the spatially averaged peak detectivity is 9 × 10^9 Jones at 2650 cm^-1 and 80 kHz, a 15-fold improvement over the same film on a sapphire substrate without an MIM structure. The MIM structure also enhances the photoluminescence of the CQD film by 16-fold, indicating a potential Purcell effect. The study highlights the potential of lithographically designed nanoantenna structures to significantly improve the performance of mid-IR CQD photoconductors, with further improvements possible by optimizing dark current collection and optically enhanced areas.This paper presents the design and characterization of a high-detectivity mid-infrared photoconductor using HgTe colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) and a metal/insulator/metal (MIM) structure with gold nanoantennas. The MIM structure enhances the optical absorption of the CQD film, leading to a significant increase in responsivity and detectivity. Simulations show that the spatially averaged peak spectral absorption of an 80 nm CQD film is 60%, a 23-fold enhancement compared to a bare sapphire substrate. The field intensity near the antenna tips is 20-fold higher at 100 nm away, reaching up to 1000-fold enhancement. The experimental responsivity reaches 0.6 A/W at a 1 V bias, and the spatially averaged peak detectivity is 9 × 10^9 Jones at 2650 cm^-1 and 80 kHz, a 15-fold improvement over the same film on a sapphire substrate without an MIM structure. The MIM structure also enhances the photoluminescence of the CQD film by 16-fold, indicating a potential Purcell effect. The study highlights the potential of lithographically designed nanoantenna structures to significantly improve the performance of mid-IR CQD photoconductors, with further improvements possible by optimizing dark current collection and optically enhanced areas.