Figure S1 shows the characteristics of study sites in relation to climate data in Spain. Blue circles represent data from different climate stations across Spain, while red diamonds indicate climatic data for the study sites. The study sites include: 1) The Adra River watershed, 2*) The Conquense Drove Road (wintering areas), 2) The Conquense Drove Road (summering areas), 3) The Bilbao Metropolitan Greenbelt, 4) Costa da Morte, 5) Doñana, 6) The Guadiamar Green Corridor, 7) Sierra Nevada Mountains, and 8) Sierra Norte de Sevilla. This figure provides a visual representation of how each study site's characteristics relate to the climate data available in Spain. The use of different symbols helps distinguish between climate station data and study site data, making it easier to compare and analyze the climatic conditions of each location. The study sites vary in terms of their geographical and ecological features, which likely influence their climatic conditions. The figure is a useful tool for understanding the climatic context of each study site, which is essential for any research or analysis involving these areas. The inclusion of multiple study sites allows for a comprehensive analysis of climate data across different regions of Spain. The visual representation helps in identifying patterns and trends in climate data that may be relevant to the study sites. Overall, Figure S1 serves as a valuable resource for researchers and analysts seeking to understand the climatic conditions of various locations in Spain.Figure S1 shows the characteristics of study sites in relation to climate data in Spain. Blue circles represent data from different climate stations across Spain, while red diamonds indicate climatic data for the study sites. The study sites include: 1) The Adra River watershed, 2*) The Conquense Drove Road (wintering areas), 2) The Conquense Drove Road (summering areas), 3) The Bilbao Metropolitan Greenbelt, 4) Costa da Morte, 5) Doñana, 6) The Guadiamar Green Corridor, 7) Sierra Nevada Mountains, and 8) Sierra Norte de Sevilla. This figure provides a visual representation of how each study site's characteristics relate to the climate data available in Spain. The use of different symbols helps distinguish between climate station data and study site data, making it easier to compare and analyze the climatic conditions of each location. The study sites vary in terms of their geographical and ecological features, which likely influence their climatic conditions. The figure is a useful tool for understanding the climatic context of each study site, which is essential for any research or analysis involving these areas. The inclusion of multiple study sites allows for a comprehensive analysis of climate data across different regions of Spain. The visual representation helps in identifying patterns and trends in climate data that may be relevant to the study sites. Overall, Figure S1 serves as a valuable resource for researchers and analysts seeking to understand the climatic conditions of various locations in Spain.