Figure S1 illustrates the characteristics of study sites in relation to climate data in Spain. Blue circles represent climate station data, while red diamonds indicate climatic data for the study sites. The study sites include: 1 = The Adra River watershed, 2* = The Conquense Drove Road (wintering areas), 2§ = The Conquense Drove Road (summering areas), 3 = The Bilbao Metropolitan Greenbelt, 4 = Costa da Morte, 5 = Doñana, 6 = The Guadianamar Green Corridor, 7 = Sierra Nevada Mountains, and 8 = Sierra Norte de Sevilla.Figure S1 illustrates the characteristics of study sites in relation to climate data in Spain. Blue circles represent climate station data, while red diamonds indicate climatic data for the study sites. The study sites include: 1 = The Adra River watershed, 2* = The Conquense Drove Road (wintering areas), 2§ = The Conquense Drove Road (summering areas), 3 = The Bilbao Metropolitan Greenbelt, 4 = Costa da Morte, 5 = Doñana, 6 = The Guadianamar Green Corridor, 7 = Sierra Nevada Mountains, and 8 = Sierra Norte de Sevilla.