This paper examines the long-term effects of early-life rainfall on the health, education, and socioeconomic outcomes of Indonesian adults born between 1953 and 1974. Using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS3), the study links historical rainfall data to current adult outcomes. Higher early-life rainfall has significant positive effects on women's health, education, and socioeconomic status, but not on men's. Women with 20% higher rainfall in their birth year and location are less likely to report poor health, taller, have more schooling, and live in households with higher asset indices. These effects are most likely due to improved agricultural output, leading to better nutrition and health for infant girls. The study suggests that improved schooling mediates the long-term benefits for women's socioeconomic status. The paper also finds no significant effects of rainfall in years prior to birth, indicating that in utero shocks are not important. The results highlight the importance of early-life environmental conditions in shaping long-term outcomes, and provide evidence that early-life rainfall has lasting effects on health and education, which in turn influence adult socioeconomic status. The study contributes to the literature on the relationship between early-life conditions and later life outcomes, and emphasizes the role of gender bias in resource allocation. The findings have implications for public policy, suggesting that policies aimed at improving household conditions in response to typical year-to-year variations in economic conditions may be more effective than those targeting extreme events.This paper examines the long-term effects of early-life rainfall on the health, education, and socioeconomic outcomes of Indonesian adults born between 1953 and 1974. Using data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS3), the study links historical rainfall data to current adult outcomes. Higher early-life rainfall has significant positive effects on women's health, education, and socioeconomic status, but not on men's. Women with 20% higher rainfall in their birth year and location are less likely to report poor health, taller, have more schooling, and live in households with higher asset indices. These effects are most likely due to improved agricultural output, leading to better nutrition and health for infant girls. The study suggests that improved schooling mediates the long-term benefits for women's socioeconomic status. The paper also finds no significant effects of rainfall in years prior to birth, indicating that in utero shocks are not important. The results highlight the importance of early-life environmental conditions in shaping long-term outcomes, and provide evidence that early-life rainfall has lasting effects on health and education, which in turn influence adult socioeconomic status. The study contributes to the literature on the relationship between early-life conditions and later life outcomes, and emphasizes the role of gender bias in resource allocation. The findings have implications for public policy, suggesting that policies aimed at improving household conditions in response to typical year-to-year variations in economic conditions may be more effective than those targeting extreme events.