A study published in Nature Communications reveals that T cells transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) during immune synapse formation, a critical step in immune responses. The research shows that exosomes from T cells contain unique miRNA repertoires different from those of their parent cells. These miRNAs are transferred unidirectionally from T cells to APCs via exosome delivery during immune synapse formation. The study demonstrates that miRNAs transferred during immune synapses can modulate gene expression in recipient cells, indicating a functional role in immune communication. The immune synapse is a highly organized structure formed between T cells and APCs during antigen recognition. It facilitates the exchange of signaling molecules and is crucial for T cell activation and immune response. The study shows that exosomes, which are small vesicles released from cells, play a key role in this communication. Exosomes from T cells contain specific miRNAs that are transferred to APCs, where they can influence gene expression. The study used various techniques, including microarray analysis, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy, to investigate the transfer of miRNAs during immune synapse formation. The results show that miRNAs are transferred in a directional manner from T cells to APCs, and that this transfer is dependent on the formation of the immune synapse. The study also found that the transfer of miRNAs is inhibited when exosome production is blocked, suggesting that exosomes are essential for this process. The findings suggest that exosomes serve as a mechanism for the transfer of miRNAs during immune synapse formation, which could have implications for immune regulation and disease. The study highlights the importance of exosomes in intercellular communication and provides new insights into the role of miRNAs in immune responses. The results indicate that miRNAs transferred during immune synapse formation can function in recipient cells, potentially influencing immune responses and disease outcomes.A study published in Nature Communications reveals that T cells transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) during immune synapse formation, a critical step in immune responses. The research shows that exosomes from T cells contain unique miRNA repertoires different from those of their parent cells. These miRNAs are transferred unidirectionally from T cells to APCs via exosome delivery during immune synapse formation. The study demonstrates that miRNAs transferred during immune synapses can modulate gene expression in recipient cells, indicating a functional role in immune communication. The immune synapse is a highly organized structure formed between T cells and APCs during antigen recognition. It facilitates the exchange of signaling molecules and is crucial for T cell activation and immune response. The study shows that exosomes, which are small vesicles released from cells, play a key role in this communication. Exosomes from T cells contain specific miRNAs that are transferred to APCs, where they can influence gene expression. The study used various techniques, including microarray analysis, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy, to investigate the transfer of miRNAs during immune synapse formation. The results show that miRNAs are transferred in a directional manner from T cells to APCs, and that this transfer is dependent on the formation of the immune synapse. The study also found that the transfer of miRNAs is inhibited when exosome production is blocked, suggesting that exosomes are essential for this process. The findings suggest that exosomes serve as a mechanism for the transfer of miRNAs during immune synapse formation, which could have implications for immune regulation and disease. The study highlights the importance of exosomes in intercellular communication and provides new insights into the role of miRNAs in immune responses. The results indicate that miRNAs transferred during immune synapse formation can function in recipient cells, potentially influencing immune responses and disease outcomes.