Universal quantum dynamics of Bose polarons

Universal quantum dynamics of Bose polarons

22 Feb 2024 | Jiří Etrych, Gevorg Martirosyan, Alec Cao, Christopher J. Ho, Zoran Hadzibabic, and Christoph Eigen
This study investigates the universal quantum dynamics of Bose polarons in a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). By using two Feshbach resonances, the researchers tune both the impurity-bath and intrabath interactions, enabling the observation of both attractive and repulsive polaron branches. They measure the spectral properties and real-time dynamics of impurities injected into the BEC, revealing that the system exhibits universal behavior controlled by the bath density and a single dimensionless interaction parameter. The results show that the polaron's energy and width scale with the bath density, and the system's behavior remains universal even when interactions are near-resonant, where polarons are no longer well-defined. The study highlights the many-body nature of the molecular state associated with the Feshbach resonance, which is observed to have a spectral peak matching the bare dimer energy. The researchers also demonstrate that the dynamics of the impurities are governed by the dimensionless interaction parameter and the energy scale of the system. The results show that the impurity dynamics are universal, with the coherence function and phase evolution collapsing onto universal curves when scaled appropriately. The study further reveals that the quasiparticle picture breaks down near unitarity, where the polaron's energy and width deviate from the mean-field predictions. However, the universal scaling of the system's properties persists, indicating that the physics is governed by the bath density and the dimensionless interaction parameter. The findings provide insights into the behavior of strongly interacting quantum systems and have implications for understanding the dynamics of polarons in various quantum systems, including Fermi and Bose gases. The results also suggest that the many-body character of the molecular state and the breakdown of the quasiparticle picture are key features of the system's behavior in the strongly interacting regime.This study investigates the universal quantum dynamics of Bose polarons in a homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). By using two Feshbach resonances, the researchers tune both the impurity-bath and intrabath interactions, enabling the observation of both attractive and repulsive polaron branches. They measure the spectral properties and real-time dynamics of impurities injected into the BEC, revealing that the system exhibits universal behavior controlled by the bath density and a single dimensionless interaction parameter. The results show that the polaron's energy and width scale with the bath density, and the system's behavior remains universal even when interactions are near-resonant, where polarons are no longer well-defined. The study highlights the many-body nature of the molecular state associated with the Feshbach resonance, which is observed to have a spectral peak matching the bare dimer energy. The researchers also demonstrate that the dynamics of the impurities are governed by the dimensionless interaction parameter and the energy scale of the system. The results show that the impurity dynamics are universal, with the coherence function and phase evolution collapsing onto universal curves when scaled appropriately. The study further reveals that the quasiparticle picture breaks down near unitarity, where the polaron's energy and width deviate from the mean-field predictions. However, the universal scaling of the system's properties persists, indicating that the physics is governed by the bath density and the dimensionless interaction parameter. The findings provide insights into the behavior of strongly interacting quantum systems and have implications for understanding the dynamics of polarons in various quantum systems, including Fermi and Bose gases. The results also suggest that the many-body character of the molecular state and the breakdown of the quasiparticle picture are key features of the system's behavior in the strongly interacting regime.
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