Universal quantum dynamics of Bose polarons

Universal quantum dynamics of Bose polarons

22 Feb 2024 | Jiří Etrych, Gevorg Martiroyan, Alec Cao, Christopher J. Ho, Zoran Hadzibabic, and Christoph Eigen
The study investigates the dynamics and spectral properties of mobile impurities injected into a homogeneous Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), using two Feshbach resonances to tune both impurity-bath and intrabath interactions. The researchers measure the spectral properties and real-time dynamics of these impurities, mapping out both attractive and repulsive branches of polaron quasiparticles. They resolve the repulsive polaron and the molecular state associated with the Feshbach resonance in the strongly interacting regime, revealing that the latter also exhibits many-body character. The measurements show universal behavior controlled by the bath density and a single dimensionless interaction parameter, \(1/(k_n a)\), and the energy \(E_n = \hbar^2 k_n^2/(4m_r)\). Near resonant interactions, the polarons are no longer well-defined, but the universality still holds. The study also explores the molecular branch, showing that it broadens with increasing bath density while its peak remains roughly at the dimer energy. Differential interferometry confirms the existence of a many-body state with attractive-polaron character. The findings highlight the universal scaling of the Bose polaron spectrum and the breakdown of the quasiparticle picture at unitarity, providing insights into the dynamics and properties of strongly correlated quantum matter.The study investigates the dynamics and spectral properties of mobile impurities injected into a homogeneous Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), using two Feshbach resonances to tune both impurity-bath and intrabath interactions. The researchers measure the spectral properties and real-time dynamics of these impurities, mapping out both attractive and repulsive branches of polaron quasiparticles. They resolve the repulsive polaron and the molecular state associated with the Feshbach resonance in the strongly interacting regime, revealing that the latter also exhibits many-body character. The measurements show universal behavior controlled by the bath density and a single dimensionless interaction parameter, \(1/(k_n a)\), and the energy \(E_n = \hbar^2 k_n^2/(4m_r)\). Near resonant interactions, the polarons are no longer well-defined, but the universality still holds. The study also explores the molecular branch, showing that it broadens with increasing bath density while its peak remains roughly at the dimer energy. Differential interferometry confirms the existence of a many-body state with attractive-polaron character. The findings highlight the universal scaling of the Bose polaron spectrum and the breakdown of the quasiparticle picture at unitarity, providing insights into the dynamics and properties of strongly correlated quantum matter.
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