This review explores the complex role of the long non-coding RNA NEAT1 in lung cancer (LC) biology. NEAT1 is a key player in LC development and progression, influencing critical cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to therapy. It is involved in gene regulation and chromatin remodeling, and its expression is closely linked to poor prognosis in LC patients. NEAT1 functions as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge, sequestering miRNAs and thereby promoting tumor cell proliferation. It also interacts with various proteins and miRNAs, forming a complex regulatory network that contributes to LC progression. NEAT1's role in LC is further highlighted by its association with metastatic processes and its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. The review discusses NEAT1's structural characteristics, its localization within the nucleus, and its involvement in paraspeckle formation. NEAT1's interactions with miRNAs and other molecules are explored, along with its implications in cancer therapy. The review concludes that NEAT1 is a promising target for future LC research and treatment strategies.This review explores the complex role of the long non-coding RNA NEAT1 in lung cancer (LC) biology. NEAT1 is a key player in LC development and progression, influencing critical cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to therapy. It is involved in gene regulation and chromatin remodeling, and its expression is closely linked to poor prognosis in LC patients. NEAT1 functions as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge, sequestering miRNAs and thereby promoting tumor cell proliferation. It also interacts with various proteins and miRNAs, forming a complex regulatory network that contributes to LC progression. NEAT1's role in LC is further highlighted by its association with metastatic processes and its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. The review discusses NEAT1's structural characteristics, its localization within the nucleus, and its involvement in paraspeckle formation. NEAT1's interactions with miRNAs and other molecules are explored, along with its implications in cancer therapy. The review concludes that NEAT1 is a promising target for future LC research and treatment strategies.