Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and heightened sensitivity. It has evolved in diagnostic criteria and understanding over the years, moving from a focus on tender points to a more holistic approach. The condition is influenced by genetic, neurological, and immunological factors, with a higher prevalence in women. Diagnosis involves the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Symptom Severity (SS) score. Fibromyalgia is often associated with comorbid conditions such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Management includes pharmacological treatments like tricyclic antidepressants, anti-seizure medications, and SSRIs, as well as non-pharmacological therapies such as exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, and acupuncture. Lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity and stress management, are also important. Emerging research explores neurobiological mechanisms, brain imaging, genetic markers, glutamate modulation, cannabinoids, and the gut microbiome. Digital health tools and telemedicine are increasingly used for monitoring and managing the condition. The impact of fibromyalgia on quality of life is significant, affecting physical and social aspects. A multidimensional approach is essential for effective management and improving patient outcomes.Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and heightened sensitivity. It has evolved in diagnostic criteria and understanding over the years, moving from a focus on tender points to a more holistic approach. The condition is influenced by genetic, neurological, and immunological factors, with a higher prevalence in women. Diagnosis involves the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Symptom Severity (SS) score. Fibromyalgia is often associated with comorbid conditions such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Management includes pharmacological treatments like tricyclic antidepressants, anti-seizure medications, and SSRIs, as well as non-pharmacological therapies such as exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, and acupuncture. Lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity and stress management, are also important. Emerging research explores neurobiological mechanisms, brain imaging, genetic markers, glutamate modulation, cannabinoids, and the gut microbiome. Digital health tools and telemedicine are increasingly used for monitoring and managing the condition. The impact of fibromyalgia on quality of life is significant, affecting physical and social aspects. A multidimensional approach is essential for effective management and improving patient outcomes.