Unravelling the operation of organic artificial neurons for neuromorphic bioelectronics

Unravelling the operation of organic artificial neurons for neuromorphic bioelectronics

24 June 2024 | Pietro Belleri, Judith Pons i Tarrés, Iain McCulloch, Paul W. M. Blom, Zsolt M. Kovács-Vajna, Paschalis Gkoupidenis & Fabrizio Torricelli
This article presents a comprehensive study of the operation of organic artificial neurons (OANs) in liquid environments, focusing on their biorealistic behaviors such as firing properties, excitability, wetware operation, and biohybrid integration. The research combines experimental data, numerical simulations of non-linear iontronic circuits, and analytical expressions to understand the operation of OANs. The study reveals that OANs can mimic biological phenomena by responding to key biological information carriers, including alkaline ions, noise in the electrolyte, and biological conditions. The OANs are composed of organic electrochemical nonlinear devices (OENDs) and are designed to exhibit biorealistic firing properties and neuronal excitability. The research also shows that OANs can operate synergistically with biological membranes, with membrane impedance state modulating the firing properties of the biohybrid in situ. The study provides a framework for the design, development, engineering, and optimization of OANs, advancing next generation neuronal networks, neuromorphic electronics, and bioelectronics. The research highlights the importance of understanding the operation of OANs in liquid environments, as they can emulate biological phenomena and are particularly relevant for neuromorphic bioelectronics. The study also demonstrates the ability of OANs to respond to ion concentrations in the electrolyte, showing that their spiking frequency can be modulated by the concentration of ions such as Na+, K+, and Ca2+. The research provides a detailed analysis of the OAN operation, including the effects of various parameters on the spiking frequency and energy per spike. The study also explores the excitability and noise-induced activity of OANs, showing that they can be tuned to different levels of excitability and can respond to noise fluctuations in the electrolyte. The research concludes that OANs have the potential to be used in neuromorphic ion sensing applications, where they can detect and respond to ion concentrations in the electrolyte, providing a valuable tool for bioelectronics and neuromorphic systems.This article presents a comprehensive study of the operation of organic artificial neurons (OANs) in liquid environments, focusing on their biorealistic behaviors such as firing properties, excitability, wetware operation, and biohybrid integration. The research combines experimental data, numerical simulations of non-linear iontronic circuits, and analytical expressions to understand the operation of OANs. The study reveals that OANs can mimic biological phenomena by responding to key biological information carriers, including alkaline ions, noise in the electrolyte, and biological conditions. The OANs are composed of organic electrochemical nonlinear devices (OENDs) and are designed to exhibit biorealistic firing properties and neuronal excitability. The research also shows that OANs can operate synergistically with biological membranes, with membrane impedance state modulating the firing properties of the biohybrid in situ. The study provides a framework for the design, development, engineering, and optimization of OANs, advancing next generation neuronal networks, neuromorphic electronics, and bioelectronics. The research highlights the importance of understanding the operation of OANs in liquid environments, as they can emulate biological phenomena and are particularly relevant for neuromorphic bioelectronics. The study also demonstrates the ability of OANs to respond to ion concentrations in the electrolyte, showing that their spiking frequency can be modulated by the concentration of ions such as Na+, K+, and Ca2+. The research provides a detailed analysis of the OAN operation, including the effects of various parameters on the spiking frequency and energy per spike. The study also explores the excitability and noise-induced activity of OANs, showing that they can be tuned to different levels of excitability and can respond to noise fluctuations in the electrolyte. The research concludes that OANs have the potential to be used in neuromorphic ion sensing applications, where they can detect and respond to ion concentrations in the electrolyte, providing a valuable tool for bioelectronics and neuromorphic systems.
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