Urban sprawl, the expansion of metropolitan areas into rural regions, is characterized by low-density land use, separation of land uses, and heavy reliance on automobiles. This pattern has led to significant health impacts, including air pollution, motor vehicle crashes, pedestrian injuries, reduced physical activity, and increased heat island effects. Sprawl also contributes to social and environmental inequalities, disproportionately affecting minority and low-income populations. Air pollution from vehicle emissions is a major health concern, linked to respiratory issues, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Sprawl increases vehicle miles traveled, exacerbating air quality problems. Motor vehicle crashes are also more frequent in sprawling areas, with higher fatality rates. Pedestrian fatalities are disproportionately high in suburban areas, often due to unsafe road conditions and limited access to safe walking environments. Sprawl reduces physical activity by promoting car dependency, contributing to obesity and related health issues. The expansion of urban areas also threatens water quality and quantity, as development reduces natural water absorption and increases runoff. The urban heat island effect, intensified by sprawl, raises health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations. Social aspects of sprawl include increased social isolation, reduced social capital, and environmental justice concerns. Minority and low-income groups are often disproportionately affected by environmental hazards, including air pollution and heat-related illnesses. Sprawl also contributes to social stratification, with suburban development patterns often leading to economic segregation. Solutions to these health issues include promoting sustainable urban planning, such as smart growth, which emphasizes higher density, mixed-use development, and walkable neighborhoods. Improving public transportation, increasing green spaces, and encouraging active transportation can reduce health risks associated with sprawl. Health professionals and urban planners must collaborate to address the complex relationships between land use, transportation, and public health. Incorporating health considerations into policy decisions is essential to mitigate the adverse effects of sprawl and promote equitable health outcomes.Urban sprawl, the expansion of metropolitan areas into rural regions, is characterized by low-density land use, separation of land uses, and heavy reliance on automobiles. This pattern has led to significant health impacts, including air pollution, motor vehicle crashes, pedestrian injuries, reduced physical activity, and increased heat island effects. Sprawl also contributes to social and environmental inequalities, disproportionately affecting minority and low-income populations. Air pollution from vehicle emissions is a major health concern, linked to respiratory issues, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. Sprawl increases vehicle miles traveled, exacerbating air quality problems. Motor vehicle crashes are also more frequent in sprawling areas, with higher fatality rates. Pedestrian fatalities are disproportionately high in suburban areas, often due to unsafe road conditions and limited access to safe walking environments. Sprawl reduces physical activity by promoting car dependency, contributing to obesity and related health issues. The expansion of urban areas also threatens water quality and quantity, as development reduces natural water absorption and increases runoff. The urban heat island effect, intensified by sprawl, raises health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations. Social aspects of sprawl include increased social isolation, reduced social capital, and environmental justice concerns. Minority and low-income groups are often disproportionately affected by environmental hazards, including air pollution and heat-related illnesses. Sprawl also contributes to social stratification, with suburban development patterns often leading to economic segregation. Solutions to these health issues include promoting sustainable urban planning, such as smart growth, which emphasizes higher density, mixed-use development, and walkable neighborhoods. Improving public transportation, increasing green spaces, and encouraging active transportation can reduce health risks associated with sprawl. Health professionals and urban planners must collaborate to address the complex relationships between land use, transportation, and public health. Incorporating health considerations into policy decisions is essential to mitigate the adverse effects of sprawl and promote equitable health outcomes.