The article discusses the significant impact of rapid urbanization on public health in China. It highlights the historical migration from rural to urban areas, which has led to a rapid increase in urban population and urbanization rates. The article emphasizes the challenges and health risks associated with this urbanization, including environmental pollution, occupational hazards, and changes in lifestyle that contribute to non-communicable diseases. It also addresses the healthcare delivery issues, particularly for rural-to-urban migrants, and the need for innovative policies to address these challenges. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary approaches and the development of key infrastructure to mitigate adverse health effects and maximize the benefits of urbanization.The article discusses the significant impact of rapid urbanization on public health in China. It highlights the historical migration from rural to urban areas, which has led to a rapid increase in urban population and urbanization rates. The article emphasizes the challenges and health risks associated with this urbanization, including environmental pollution, occupational hazards, and changes in lifestyle that contribute to non-communicable diseases. It also addresses the healthcare delivery issues, particularly for rural-to-urban migrants, and the need for innovative policies to address these challenges. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary approaches and the development of key infrastructure to mitigate adverse health effects and maximize the benefits of urbanization.