Since January 2020, Elsevier has provided free English and Mandarin resources on COVID-19. The company grants permission for free access to its research in PubMed Central and other repositories. The article discusses urbanization in China, highlighting the significant migration and its impact on public health. China's urban population has grown rapidly, with over 260 million rural-to-urban migrants. Urbanization has led to health challenges, including disparities in healthcare access, environmental pollution, and lifestyle-related diseases. The article also addresses the health of rural-to-urban migrants, noting issues such as limited access to healthcare, lower immunization rates, and higher risks of infectious diseases. Urbanization has also contributed to non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, due to changes in diet and physical activity. Environmental factors, including air and water pollution, pose significant health risks. The article emphasizes the need for innovative health policies and research to address these challenges. It also discusses the impact of urbanization on aging populations and the need for improved healthcare access for the elderly. The study concludes that urbanization presents complex health challenges that require multidisciplinary approaches and policy reforms to ensure public health benefits.Since January 2020, Elsevier has provided free English and Mandarin resources on COVID-19. The company grants permission for free access to its research in PubMed Central and other repositories. The article discusses urbanization in China, highlighting the significant migration and its impact on public health. China's urban population has grown rapidly, with over 260 million rural-to-urban migrants. Urbanization has led to health challenges, including disparities in healthcare access, environmental pollution, and lifestyle-related diseases. The article also addresses the health of rural-to-urban migrants, noting issues such as limited access to healthcare, lower immunization rates, and higher risks of infectious diseases. Urbanization has also contributed to non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, due to changes in diet and physical activity. Environmental factors, including air and water pollution, pose significant health risks. The article emphasizes the need for innovative health policies and research to address these challenges. It also discusses the impact of urbanization on aging populations and the need for improved healthcare access for the elderly. The study concludes that urbanization presents complex health challenges that require multidisciplinary approaches and policy reforms to ensure public health benefits.