Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms used in aquaculture to improve the health, growth, and productivity of aquatic organisms. They have been used since 1986 to enhance growth and water quality, and now are widely used to improve nutrient digestion, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. Probiotics include bacteria such as Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and yeast like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and are used in commercial products to enhance the health of aquatic species. Probiotics can be used as feed additives or in water to improve the health of fish and shrimp. They have been shown to increase growth, reduce mortality, and improve water quality by reducing harmful substances like ammonia and nitrite. Probiotics also help in stress tolerance by reducing cortisol levels and improving immune responses. They can also improve reproduction by enhancing the health of broodstock and increasing the production of fry. However, there are safety concerns regarding the use of probiotics, including the potential for antibiotic resistance and the risk of infections in immunocompromised individuals. Despite these concerns, probiotics are considered safe and effective for use in aquaculture. The use of probiotics in aquaculture is a promising alternative to antibiotics and other chemical treatments, and further research is needed to fully understand their potential and safety.Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms used in aquaculture to improve the health, growth, and productivity of aquatic organisms. They have been used since 1986 to enhance growth and water quality, and now are widely used to improve nutrient digestion, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. Probiotics include bacteria such as Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and yeast like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and are used in commercial products to enhance the health of aquatic species. Probiotics can be used as feed additives or in water to improve the health of fish and shrimp. They have been shown to increase growth, reduce mortality, and improve water quality by reducing harmful substances like ammonia and nitrite. Probiotics also help in stress tolerance by reducing cortisol levels and improving immune responses. They can also improve reproduction by enhancing the health of broodstock and increasing the production of fry. However, there are safety concerns regarding the use of probiotics, including the potential for antibiotic resistance and the risk of infections in immunocompromised individuals. Despite these concerns, probiotics are considered safe and effective for use in aquaculture. The use of probiotics in aquaculture is a promising alternative to antibiotics and other chemical treatments, and further research is needed to fully understand their potential and safety.