Received 22 September 2015, Revised 13 October 2015, 29 October 2015, Accepted 30 October 2015 | Jörg Henseler, Geoffrey Hubona, Pauline Ash Ray
This paper provides an updated guide to using Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modeling, a variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) technique widely applied in business and social sciences. The authors discuss recent developments and changes in PLS, including consistent PLS, confirmatory composite analysis, and the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT). They emphasize the importance of PLS for modeling both factors and composites, making it suitable for new technology research. The paper covers the algorithmic steps of PLS, model specification, assessment, and reporting of results, as well as extensions such as non-linear relationships and heterogeneity. It also addresses the need for updated guidelines due to the evolving nature of PLS, providing a comprehensive overview for researchers and practitioners.This paper provides an updated guide to using Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modeling, a variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) technique widely applied in business and social sciences. The authors discuss recent developments and changes in PLS, including consistent PLS, confirmatory composite analysis, and the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT). They emphasize the importance of PLS for modeling both factors and composites, making it suitable for new technology research. The paper covers the algorithmic steps of PLS, model specification, assessment, and reporting of results, as well as extensions such as non-linear relationships and heterogeneity. It also addresses the need for updated guidelines due to the evolving nature of PLS, providing a comprehensive overview for researchers and practitioners.