Vaccine design via antigen reorientation

Vaccine design via antigen reorientation

August 2024 | Duo Xu, Joshua J. Carter, Chunfeng Li, Ashley Utz, Payton A. B. Weidenbacher, Shaogeng Tang, Mrinmoy Sanyal, Bali Pulendran, Christopher O. Barnes & Peter S. Kim
This study introduces a novel approach to design vaccines by reorienting antigens to shift immune responses from the immunodominant, variable head region of hemagglutinin (HA-head) to the evolutionarily conserved stem region (HA-stem). The method involves site-specific insertion of aspartate residues (oligoD) to facilitate antigen binding to alum, a well-established vaccine adjuvant. This strategy was tested with antigens from Ebola, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza viruses, showing enhanced neutralizing antibody responses. The reoriented H2 HA (reoH2HA) on alum induced stem-directed antibodies that cross-react with both group 1 and group 2 influenza A subtypes. Electron microscopy and epitope mapping revealed that reoH2HA elicited cross-reactive antibodies targeting group 2 HA-stems. The results demonstrate that antigen reorientation is a generalizable approach for designing epitope-focused vaccines. The study highlights the potential of this method to improve vaccine efficacy against diverse influenza strains and other viruses by directing immune responses toward conserved epitopes. The approach is simple, effective, and applicable to various antigens, offering a promising strategy for developing universal vaccines.This study introduces a novel approach to design vaccines by reorienting antigens to shift immune responses from the immunodominant, variable head region of hemagglutinin (HA-head) to the evolutionarily conserved stem region (HA-stem). The method involves site-specific insertion of aspartate residues (oligoD) to facilitate antigen binding to alum, a well-established vaccine adjuvant. This strategy was tested with antigens from Ebola, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza viruses, showing enhanced neutralizing antibody responses. The reoriented H2 HA (reoH2HA) on alum induced stem-directed antibodies that cross-react with both group 1 and group 2 influenza A subtypes. Electron microscopy and epitope mapping revealed that reoH2HA elicited cross-reactive antibodies targeting group 2 HA-stems. The results demonstrate that antigen reorientation is a generalizable approach for designing epitope-focused vaccines. The study highlights the potential of this method to improve vaccine efficacy against diverse influenza strains and other viruses by directing immune responses toward conserved epitopes. The approach is simple, effective, and applicable to various antigens, offering a promising strategy for developing universal vaccines.
Reach us at info@study.space