31 January 2024 | Nicola Walsh, Aislinn Cooper, Adrian Dockery, James J O’Byrne
Genomic technologies have revolutionized clinical genetic testing, emphasizing the importance of accurate molecular genetic diagnoses. Variant classification, ranging from benign to pathogenic, is fundamental to these tests. However, variant reclassification, the process of reassessing the pathogenicity of variants over time, poses challenges to diagnostic legitimacy. This review explores the clinical implications of variant reclassification, focusing on its medical and scientific literature.
Variant reclassification is driven by accumulating evidence from diverse sources, leading to reclassification frequencies ranging from 3.6% to 58.8%. Recent studies show significant changes occur within 1 year after initial classification, highlighting the importance of early and accurate variant assignment for clinical care. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are particularly problematic, as they lack clear categorization but can influence patient treatment despite recommendations against it. Addressing VUS reclassification is crucial for enhancing the credibility of genetic testing and clinical impact.
Factors affecting reclassification include standardized guidelines, clinical-phenotype-genotype correlations through deep phenotyping and ancestry studies, large-scale databases, and bioinformatics tools. As genomic databases grow and knowledge advances, reclassification rates are expected to change, reducing discordance in future classifications. Variant reclassification affects patient diagnosis, precision therapy, and family screening, with the exact patient impact yet to be fully understood. Understanding influencing factors and adopting standardized guidelines are vital for precise molecular genetic diagnoses, ensuring optimal patient care and minimizing clinical risk.Genomic technologies have revolutionized clinical genetic testing, emphasizing the importance of accurate molecular genetic diagnoses. Variant classification, ranging from benign to pathogenic, is fundamental to these tests. However, variant reclassification, the process of reassessing the pathogenicity of variants over time, poses challenges to diagnostic legitimacy. This review explores the clinical implications of variant reclassification, focusing on its medical and scientific literature.
Variant reclassification is driven by accumulating evidence from diverse sources, leading to reclassification frequencies ranging from 3.6% to 58.8%. Recent studies show significant changes occur within 1 year after initial classification, highlighting the importance of early and accurate variant assignment for clinical care. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are particularly problematic, as they lack clear categorization but can influence patient treatment despite recommendations against it. Addressing VUS reclassification is crucial for enhancing the credibility of genetic testing and clinical impact.
Factors affecting reclassification include standardized guidelines, clinical-phenotype-genotype correlations through deep phenotyping and ancestry studies, large-scale databases, and bioinformatics tools. As genomic databases grow and knowledge advances, reclassification rates are expected to change, reducing discordance in future classifications. Variant reclassification affects patient diagnosis, precision therapy, and family screening, with the exact patient impact yet to be fully understood. Understanding influencing factors and adopting standardized guidelines are vital for precise molecular genetic diagnoses, ensuring optimal patient care and minimizing clinical risk.